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51 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
51 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
# BIP-44 derivation paths
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Each coin uses [BIP-44](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0044.mediawiki) derivation path scheme. If the coin is UTXO-based the path should have all five parts, precisely as defined in [BIP-32](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki). If it is account-based we follow Stellar's [SEP-0005](https://github.com/stellar/stellar-protocol/blob/master/ecosystem/sep-0005.md) - paths have only three parts `44'/c'/a'`. Unfortunately, lot of exceptions occur due to compatibility reasons.
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## List of used derivation paths
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| coin | curve | getPublicKey | getAddress | sign tx | derivation | note |
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|----------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|------------------|-----------------|--------------|
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| Bitcoin | secp256k | 44'/c'/a' | 44'/c'/a'/y/i | 44'/c'/a'/y/i | BIP-32 | [1](#Bitcoin) |
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| Ethereum | secp256k | 44'/60'/0' | 44'/60'/0'/0/i | 44'/60'/0'/0/i | BIP-32 | [2](#Ethereum)|
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| Ripple | secp256k | - | 44'/144'/a'/0/0 | 44'/144'/a'/0/0 | BIP-32 | [3](#Ripple) |
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| Cardano | ed25519 | 44'/1815'/a' | 44'/1815'/a'/{0,1}/i | 44'/1815'/a'/{0,1}/i | [Cardano's own](https://cardanolaunch.com/assets/Ed25519_BIP.pdf)<sup>[4](#Cardano)</sup> | |
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| Stellar | ed25519 | - | 44'/148'/a' | 44'/148'/a' | SLIP-0010 | |
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| Lisk | ed25519 | 44'/134'/a' | 44'/134'/a' | 44'/134'/a' | SLIP-0010 | |
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| NEM | ed25519 | - | 44'/43'/a' | 44'/43'/a' | SLIP-0010 | [5](#NEM) |
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| Monero | ed25519 | 44'/128'/a'<sup>[6](#Monero)</sup> | 44'/128'/a' | 44'/128'/a' | SLIP-0010 | |
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| Tezos | ed25519<sup>[7](#Tezos)</sup> | 44'/1729'/a' | 44'/1729'/a' | 44'/1729'/a' | SLIP-0010 | |
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Paths that do not conform to this table are allowed, but user needs to confirm a warning on Trezor. For getPublicKey we do not check if the path is followed by other non-hardened items (anyone can derive those anyway). This is beneficial for Ethereum and its MEW compatibility, which sends `44'/60'/0'/0` for getPublicKey.
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## Notes
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1. <a name="Bitcoin"></a> For Bitcoin and its derivatives it is a little bit more complicated. `p` is decided based on the following table:
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| p | type | input script type |
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|-----|--------------|--------------------|
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| 44 | legacy | SPENDADDRESS |
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| 48 | multisig | SPENDMULTISIG |
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| 49 | p2sh segwit | SPENDP2SHWITNESS |
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| 84 | native segwit | SPENDWITNESS |
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Other `p` are disallowed. `c` has to be equal to the coin's [slip44 id](https://github.com/satoshilabs/slips/blob/master/slip-0044.md) as for every coin. `y` needs to be 0 or 1.
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2. <a name="Ethereum"></a> We believe this should be `44'/60'/a'`, because Ethereum is account-based, rather than UTXO-based. Unfortunately, lot of Ethereum tools (MEW, Metamask) do not use such scheme and set `a = 0` and then iterate the address index `i`. Therefore for compatibility reasons we use the same scheme: `44'/60'/0'/0/i` and only the `i` is being iterated.
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3. <a name="Ripple"></a> Similar to Ethereum this should be `44'/144'/a'`. But for compatibility with other HW vendors we use `44'/144'/a'/0/0`.
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4. <a name="Cardano"></a> Which allows non-hardened derivation on ed25519.
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5. <a name="NEM"></a> NEM's path should be `44'/60'/a'` as per SEP-0005, but we allow `44'/60'/a'/0'/0'` as well for compatibility reasons with NanoWallet.
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6. <a name="Monero"></a> Actually it is GetWatchKey for Monero.
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7. <a name="Tezos"></a> Tezos supports multiple curves, but Trezor currently supports ed25519 only.
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Sign message paths are validated in the same way as the sign tx paths are.
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## Allowed values
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For GetPublicKey `a` needs in the interval of \[0, 20]. For GetAddress and signing the longer five-items paths need to have `a` also in range of \[0, 20] and `i` in \[0, 1000000]. If only three-items paths are used (Stellar and Lisk for example), `a` is allowed to be in \[0, 1000000] (because there is no address index `i`).
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