arno/trezor-firmware
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/trezor/trezor-firmware.git synced 2024-11-27 01:48:17 +00:00
Code Issues Releases Wiki Activity
197baf66b4
trezor-firmware/micropython/extmod/modtrezormsg/modtrezormsg.c
Jan Pochyla 803c47dca8 extmod: use lowercase names
2017-06-14 18:51:55 +02:00

521 lines
19 KiB
C
Raw Blame History

/*
* Copyright (c) Pavol Rusnak, Jan Pochyla, SatoshiLabs
*
* Licensed under TREZOR License
* see LICENSE file for details
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "py/runtime.h"
#include "py/mphal.h"
#include "py/objstr.h"
#if MICROPY_PY_TREZORMSG
#if defined TREZOR_STM32
#include "modtrezormsg-stm32.h"
#include "pendsv.h"
#elif defined TREZOR_UNIX
#include "modtrezormsg-unix.h"
#else
#error Unsupported TREZOR port. Only STM32 and UNIX ports are supported.
#endif
/// class HID:
/// '''
/// USB HID interface configuration.
/// '''
typedef struct _mp_obj_HID_t {
mp_obj_base_t base;
usb_hid_info_t info;
} mp_obj_HID_t;
/// def __init__(self,
/// iface_num: int,
/// ep_in: int,
/// ep_out: int,
/// report_desc: bytes,
/// subclass: int = 0,
/// protocol: int = 0,
/// polling_interval: int = 1,
/// max_packet_len: int = 64) -> None:
/// '''
/// '''
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_HID_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
STATIC const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
{ MP_QSTR_iface_num, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_ep_in, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_ep_out, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_subclass, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_protocol, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_polling_interval, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 1} },
{ MP_QSTR_max_packet_len, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 64} },
{ MP_QSTR_report_desc, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = MP_OBJ_NULL} },
};
mp_arg_val_t vals[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
mp_arg_parse_all_kw_array(n_args, n_kw, args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, vals);
const mp_int_t iface_num = vals[0].u_int;
const mp_int_t ep_in = vals[1].u_int;
const mp_int_t ep_out = vals[2].u_int;
const mp_int_t subclass = vals[3].u_int;
const mp_int_t protocol = vals[4].u_int;
const mp_int_t polling_interval = vals[5].u_int;
const mp_int_t max_packet_len = vals[6].u_int;
mp_buffer_info_t report_desc;
mp_get_buffer_raise(vals[7].u_obj, &report_desc, MP_BUFFER_READ);
if (report_desc.buf == NULL || report_desc.len == 0 || report_desc.len > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("report_desc is invalid");
}
if (iface_num < 0 || iface_num > 32) {
mp_raise_ValueError("iface_num is invalid");
}
if (ep_in < 0 || ep_in > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("ep_in is invalid");
}
if (ep_out < 0 || ep_out > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("ep_out is invalid");
}
if (subclass < 0 || subclass > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("subclass is invalid");
}
if (protocol < 0 || protocol > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("protocol is invalid");
}
if (polling_interval < 1 || polling_interval > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("polling_interval is invalid");
}
if (max_packet_len != 64) {
mp_raise_ValueError("max_packet_len is invalid");
}
mp_obj_HID_t *o = m_new_obj(mp_obj_HID_t);
o->base.type = type;
o->info.rx_buffer = m_new(uint8_t, max_packet_len);
o->info.report_desc = report_desc.buf;
o->info.iface_num = (uint8_t)(iface_num);
o->info.ep_in = (uint8_t)(ep_in);
o->info.ep_out = (uint8_t)(ep_out);
o->info.subclass = (uint8_t)(subclass);
o->info.protocol = (uint8_t)(protocol);
o->info.polling_interval = (uint8_t)(polling_interval);
o->info.max_packet_len = (uint8_t)(max_packet_len);
o->info.report_desc_len = (uint8_t)(report_desc.len);
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o);
}
STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t mod_trezormsg_HID_locals_dict_table[] = {};
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(mod_trezormsg_HID_locals_dict, mod_trezormsg_HID_locals_dict_table);
STATIC const mp_obj_type_t mod_trezormsg_HID_type = {
{ &mp_type_type },
.name = MP_QSTR_HID,
.make_new = mod_trezormsg_HID_make_new,
.locals_dict = (void*)&mod_trezormsg_HID_locals_dict,
};
/// class VCP:
/// '''
/// USB VCP interface configuration.
/// '''
typedef struct _mp_obj_VCP_t {
mp_obj_base_t base;
usb_vcp_info_t info;
} mp_obj_VCP_t;
/// def __init__(self,
/// iface_num: int,
/// data_iface_num: int,
/// ep_in: int,
/// ep_out: int,
/// ep_cmd: int) -> None:
/// '''
/// '''
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_VCP_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
STATIC const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
{ MP_QSTR_iface_num, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_data_iface_num, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_ep_in, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_ep_out, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_ep_cmd, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
};
mp_arg_val_t vals[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
mp_arg_parse_all_kw_array(n_args, n_kw, args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, vals);
const mp_int_t iface_num = vals[0].u_int;
const mp_int_t data_iface_num = vals[1].u_int;
const mp_int_t ep_in = vals[2].u_int;
const mp_int_t ep_out = vals[3].u_int;
const mp_int_t ep_cmd = vals[4].u_int;
if (iface_num < 0 || iface_num > 32) {
mp_raise_ValueError("iface_num is invalid");
}
if (data_iface_num < 0 || data_iface_num > 32) {
mp_raise_ValueError("iface_num is invalid");
}
if (ep_in < 0 || ep_in > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("ep_in is invalid");
}
if (ep_out < 0 || ep_out > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("ep_out is invalid");
}
if (ep_cmd < 0 || ep_cmd > 255) {
mp_raise_ValueError("ep_cmd is invalid");
}
const size_t vcp_buffer_len = 1024;
const size_t vcp_packet_len = 64;
mp_obj_VCP_t *o = m_new_obj(mp_obj_VCP_t);
o->base.type = type;
o->info.tx_packet = m_new(uint8_t, vcp_packet_len);
o->info.tx_buffer = m_new(uint8_t, vcp_buffer_len);
o->info.rx_packet = m_new(uint8_t, vcp_packet_len);
o->info.rx_buffer = m_new(uint8_t, vcp_buffer_len);
o->info.tx_buffer_len = vcp_buffer_len;
o->info.rx_buffer_len = vcp_buffer_len;
o->info.rx_intr_fn = pendsv_kbd_intr;
o->info.rx_intr_byte = 3; // Ctrl-C
o->info.iface_num = (uint8_t)(iface_num);
o->info.data_iface_num = (uint8_t)(data_iface_num);
o->info.ep_cmd = (uint8_t)(ep_cmd);
o->info.ep_in = (uint8_t)(ep_in);
o->info.ep_out = (uint8_t)(ep_out);
o->info.polling_interval = 10;
o->info.max_packet_len = (uint8_t)(vcp_packet_len);
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o);
}
STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t mod_trezormsg_VCP_locals_dict_table[] = {};
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(mod_trezormsg_VCP_locals_dict, mod_trezormsg_VCP_locals_dict_table);
STATIC const mp_obj_type_t mod_trezormsg_VCP_type = {
{ &mp_type_type },
.name = MP_QSTR_VCP,
.make_new = mod_trezormsg_VCP_make_new,
.locals_dict = (void*)&mod_trezormsg_VCP_locals_dict,
};
/// class USB:
/// '''
/// USB device configuration.
/// '''
typedef struct _mp_obj_USB_t {
mp_obj_base_t base;
usb_dev_info_t info;
} mp_obj_USB_t;
static const char *get_0str(mp_obj_t o, size_t min_len, size_t max_len) {
size_t len;
const char *s = mp_obj_str_get_data(o, &len);
if ((len >= min_len) && (len <= max_len)) {
if (len == 0 && s == NULL) {
return "";
} else {
return s;
}
} else {
return NULL;
}
}
/// def __init__(self,
/// vendor_id: int,
/// product_id: int,
/// release_num: int,
/// manufacturer_str: str,
/// product_str: str,
/// serial_number_str: str,
/// configuration_str: str = '',
/// interface_str: str = '') -> None:
/// '''
/// '''
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_USB_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
STATIC const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
{ MP_QSTR_vendor_id, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_product_id, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_release_num, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
{ MP_QSTR_manufacturer_str, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = MP_OBJ_NULL} },
{ MP_QSTR_product_str, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = MP_OBJ_NULL} },
{ MP_QSTR_serial_number_str, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = MP_OBJ_NULL} },
{ MP_QSTR_configuration_str, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = mp_const_empty_bytes} },
{ MP_QSTR_interface_str, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = mp_const_empty_bytes} },
};
mp_arg_val_t vals[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
mp_arg_parse_all_kw_array(n_args, n_kw, args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, vals);
const mp_int_t vendor_id = vals[0].u_int;
const mp_int_t product_id = vals[1].u_int;
const mp_int_t release_num = vals[2].u_int;
const char *manufacturer_str = get_0str(vals[3].u_obj, 0, 32);
const char *product_str = get_0str(vals[4].u_obj, 0, 32);
const char *serial_number_str = get_0str(vals[5].u_obj, 0, 32);
const char *configuration_str = get_0str(vals[6].u_obj, 0, 32);
const char *interface_str = get_0str(vals[7].u_obj, 0, 32);
if (vendor_id < 0 || vendor_id > 65535) {
mp_raise_ValueError("vendor_id is invalid");
}
if (product_id < 0 || product_id > 65535) {
mp_raise_ValueError("product_id is invalid");
}
if (manufacturer_str == NULL) {
mp_raise_ValueError("manufacturer_str is invalid");
}
if (product_str == NULL) {
mp_raise_ValueError("product_str is invalid");
}
if (serial_number_str == NULL) {
mp_raise_ValueError("serial_number_str is invalid");
}
if (configuration_str == NULL) {
mp_raise_ValueError("configuration_str is invalid");
}
if (interface_str == NULL) {
mp_raise_ValueError("interface_str is invalid");
}
mp_obj_USB_t *o = m_new_obj(mp_obj_USB_t);
o->base.type = type;
o->info.vendor_id = (uint16_t)(vendor_id);
o->info.product_id = (uint16_t)(product_id);
o->info.release_num = (uint16_t)(release_num);
o->info.manufacturer_str = (const uint8_t *)(manufacturer_str);
o->info.product_str = (const uint8_t *)(product_str);
o->info.serial_number_str = (const uint8_t *)(serial_number_str);
o->info.configuration_str = (const uint8_t *)(configuration_str);
o->info.interface_str = (const uint8_t *)(interface_str);
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o);
}
STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t mod_trezormsg_USB_locals_dict_table[] = {};
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(mod_trezormsg_USB_locals_dict, mod_trezormsg_USB_locals_dict_table);
STATIC const mp_obj_type_t mod_trezormsg_USB_type = {
{ &mp_type_type },
.name = MP_QSTR_USB,
.make_new = mod_trezormsg_USB_make_new,
.locals_dict = (void*)&mod_trezormsg_USB_locals_dict,
};
/// class Msg:
/// '''
/// Interface with USB and touch events.
/// '''
typedef struct _mp_obj_Msg_t {
mp_obj_base_t base;
mp_obj_t usb_info;
mp_obj_t usb_ifaces;
} mp_obj_Msg_t;
/// def __init__(self) -> None:
/// '''
/// '''
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_Msg_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
mp_arg_check_num(n_args, n_kw, 0, 0, false);
msg_init();
mp_obj_Msg_t *o = m_new_obj(mp_obj_Msg_t);
o->base.type = type;
o->usb_info = mp_const_none;
o->usb_ifaces = mp_const_none;
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o);
}
/// def init_usb(self, usb_info: USB, usb_ifaces: List[Union[HID, VCP]]) -> None:
/// '''
/// Registers passed interfaces and initializes the USB stack.
/// '''
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_Msg_init_usb(mp_obj_t self, mp_obj_t usb_info, mp_obj_t usb_ifaces) {
mp_obj_Msg_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self);
if (o->usb_info != mp_const_none || o->usb_ifaces != mp_const_none) {
mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_RuntimeError, "already initialized");
}
size_t iface_cnt;
mp_obj_t *iface_objs;
mp_obj_get_array(usb_ifaces, &iface_cnt, &iface_objs);
// Initialize the USB stack
if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(usb_info, &mod_trezormsg_USB_type)) {
mp_obj_USB_t *usb = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(usb_info);
if (usb_init(&usb->info) != 0) {
mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_RuntimeError, "failed to initialize USB");
}
} else {
mp_raise_TypeError("expected USB type");
}
int vcp_iface_num = -1;
// Add all interfaces
for (size_t i = 0; i < iface_cnt; i++) {
mp_obj_t iface = iface_objs[i];
if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(iface, &mod_trezormsg_HID_type)) {
mp_obj_HID_t *hid = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(iface);
if (usb_hid_add(&hid->info) != 0) {
usb_deinit();
mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_RuntimeError, "failed to add HID interface");
}
} else if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(iface, &mod_trezormsg_VCP_type)) {
mp_obj_VCP_t *vcp = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(iface);
if (usb_vcp_add(&vcp->info) != 0) {
usb_deinit();
mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_RuntimeError, "failed to add VCP interface");
}
vcp_iface_num = vcp->info.iface_num;
} else {
usb_deinit();
mp_raise_TypeError("expected HID or VCP type");
}
}
// Start the USB stack
if (usb_start() != 0) {
usb_deinit();
mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_RuntimeError, "failed to start USB");
}
// If we found any VCP interfaces, use the last one for stdio,
// otherwise disable the stdio support
mp_hal_set_vcp_iface(vcp_iface_num);
o->usb_info = usb_info;
o->usb_ifaces = usb_ifaces;
return mp_const_none;
}
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_3(mod_trezormsg_Msg_init_usb_obj, mod_trezormsg_Msg_init_usb);
/// def deinit_usb(self) -> None:
/// '''
/// Cleans up the USB stack
/// '''
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_Msg_deinit_usb(mp_obj_t self) {
usb_stop();
usb_deinit();
mp_obj_Msg_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self);
o->usb_info = mp_const_none;
o->usb_ifaces = mp_const_none;
return mp_const_none;
}
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(mod_trezormsg_Msg_deinit_usb_obj, mod_trezormsg_Msg_deinit_usb);
/// def send(self, iface: int, message: bytes) -> int:
/// '''
/// Sends message using USB HID (device) or UDP (emulator).
/// '''
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_Msg_send(mp_obj_t self, mp_obj_t iface, mp_obj_t message) {
// mp_obj_Msg_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self);
uint8_t i = mp_obj_get_int(iface);
mp_buffer_info_t msg;
mp_get_buffer_raise(message, &msg, MP_BUFFER_READ);
ssize_t r = msg_send(i, msg.buf, msg.len);
return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(r);
}
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_3(mod_trezormsg_Msg_send_obj, mod_trezormsg_Msg_send);
#define TICK_RESOLUTION 1000
#define TOUCH_IFACE 255
extern uint32_t touch_read(void); // defined in HAL
/// def select(self, timeout_us: int) -> tuple:
/// '''
/// Polls the event queue and returns the event object.
/// Function returns None if timeout specified in microseconds is reached.
/// '''
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_Msg_select(mp_obj_t self, mp_obj_t timeout_us) {
// mp_obj_Msg_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self);
int timeout = mp_obj_get_int(timeout_us);
if (timeout < 0) {
timeout = 0;
}
for (;;) {
uint32_t e = touch_read();
if (e) {
mp_obj_tuple_t *tuple = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_tuple(4, NULL));
tuple->items[0] = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(TOUCH_IFACE);
tuple->items[1] = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT((e & 0xFF0000) >> 16); // event type
tuple->items[2] = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT((e & 0xFF00) >> 8); // x position
tuple->items[3] = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT((e & 0xFF)); // y position
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(tuple);
}
uint8_t iface;
uint8_t recvbuf[64];
ssize_t l = msg_recv(&iface, recvbuf, 64);
if (l > 0) {
mp_obj_tuple_t *tuple = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(mp_obj_new_tuple(2, NULL));
tuple->items[0] = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(iface);
tuple->items[1] = mp_obj_new_str_of_type(&mp_type_bytes, recvbuf, l);
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(tuple);
}
if (timeout <= 0) {
break;
}
mp_hal_delay_us(TICK_RESOLUTION);
timeout -= TICK_RESOLUTION;
}
return mp_const_none;
}
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(mod_trezormsg_Msg_select_obj, mod_trezormsg_Msg_select);
STATIC mp_obj_t mod_trezormsg_Msg___del__(mp_obj_t self) {
mp_obj_Msg_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self);
if (o->usb_info != mp_const_none || o->usb_ifaces != mp_const_none) {
usb_stop();
usb_deinit();
}
return mp_const_none;
}
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(mod_trezormsg_Msg___del___obj, mod_trezormsg_Msg___del__);
STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t mod_trezormsg_Msg_locals_dict_table[] = {
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR___del__), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_Msg___del___obj) },
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_init_usb), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_Msg_init_usb_obj) },
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_deinit_usb), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_Msg_deinit_usb_obj) },
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_send), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_Msg_send_obj) },
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_select), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_Msg_select_obj) },
};
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(mod_trezormsg_Msg_locals_dict, mod_trezormsg_Msg_locals_dict_table);
STATIC const mp_obj_type_t mod_trezormsg_Msg_type = {
{ &mp_type_type },
.name = MP_QSTR_Msg,
.make_new = mod_trezormsg_Msg_make_new,
.locals_dict = (void*)&mod_trezormsg_Msg_locals_dict,
};
STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t mp_module_trezormsg_globals_table[] = {
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR___name__), MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_trezormsg) },
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_USB), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_USB_type) },
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_HID), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_HID_type) },
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_VCP), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_VCP_type) },
{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_Msg), MP_ROM_PTR(&mod_trezormsg_Msg_type) },
};
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(mp_module_trezormsg_globals, mp_module_trezormsg_globals_table);
const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezormsg = {
.base = { &mp_type_module },
.globals = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&mp_module_trezormsg_globals,
};
#endif // MICROPY_PY_TREZORMSG
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink