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266 lines
8.0 KiB
266 lines
8.0 KiB
# goose
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goose is a database migration tool.
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You can manage your database's evolution by creating incremental SQL or Go scripts.
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[](https://drone.io/bitbucket.org/liamstask/goose/latest)
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# Install
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$ go get bitbucket.org/liamstask/goose/cmd/goose
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This will install the `goose` binary to your `$GOPATH/bin` directory.
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You can also build goose into your own applications by importing `bitbucket.org/liamstask/goose/lib/goose`. Documentation is available at [godoc.org](http://godoc.org/bitbucket.org/liamstask/goose/lib/goose).
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NOTE: the API is still new, and may undergo some changes.
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# Usage
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goose provides several commands to help manage your database schema.
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## create
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Create a new Go migration.
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$ goose create AddSomeColumns
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$ goose: created db/migrations/20130106093224_AddSomeColumns.go
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Edit the newly created script to define the behavior of your migration.
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You can also create an SQL migration:
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$ goose create AddSomeColumns sql
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$ goose: created db/migrations/20130106093224_AddSomeColumns.sql
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## up
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Apply all available migrations.
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$ goose up
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$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 0, target: 3
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$ OK 001_basics.sql
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$ OK 002_next.sql
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$ OK 003_and_again.go
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### option: pgschema
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Use the `pgschema` flag with the `up` command specify a postgres schema.
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$ goose -pgschema=my_schema_name up
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$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 0, target: 3
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$ OK 001_basics.sql
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$ OK 002_next.sql
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$ OK 003_and_again.go
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## down
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Roll back a single migration from the current version.
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$ goose down
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$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 3, target: 2
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$ OK 003_and_again.go
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## redo
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Roll back the most recently applied migration, then run it again.
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$ goose redo
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$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 3, target: 2
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$ OK 003_and_again.go
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$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 2, target: 3
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$ OK 003_and_again.go
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## status
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Print the status of all migrations:
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$ goose status
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$ goose: status for environment 'development'
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$ Applied At Migration
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$ =======================================
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$ Sun Jan 6 11:25:03 2013 -- 001_basics.sql
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$ Sun Jan 6 11:25:03 2013 -- 002_next.sql
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$ Pending -- 003_and_again.go
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## dbversion
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Print the current version of the database:
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$ goose dbversion
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$ goose: dbversion 002
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`goose -h` provides more detailed info on each command.
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# Migrations
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goose supports migrations written in SQL or in Go - see the `goose create` command above for details on how to generate them.
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## SQL Migrations
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A sample SQL migration looks like:
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```sql
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-- +goose Up
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CREATE TABLE post (
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id int NOT NULL,
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title text,
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body text,
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PRIMARY KEY(id)
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);
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-- +goose Down
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DROP TABLE post;
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```
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Notice the annotations in the comments. Any statements following `-- +goose Up` will be executed as part of a forward migration, and any statements following `-- +goose Down` will be executed as part of a rollback.
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By default, SQL statements are delimited by semicolons - in fact, query statements must end with a semicolon to be properly recognized by goose.
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More complex statements (PL/pgSQL) that have semicolons within them must be annotated with `-- +goose StatementBegin` and `-- +goose StatementEnd` to be properly recognized. For example:
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```sql
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-- +goose Up
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-- +goose StatementBegin
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION histories_partition_creation( DATE, DATE )
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returns void AS $$
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DECLARE
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create_query text;
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BEGIN
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FOR create_query IN SELECT
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'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS histories_'
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|| TO_CHAR( d, 'YYYY_MM' )
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|| ' ( CHECK( created_at >= timestamp '''
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|| TO_CHAR( d, 'YYYY-MM-DD 00:00:00' )
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|| ''' AND created_at < timestamp '''
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|| TO_CHAR( d + INTERVAL '1 month', 'YYYY-MM-DD 00:00:00' )
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|| ''' ) ) inherits ( histories );'
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FROM generate_series( $1, $2, '1 month' ) AS d
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LOOP
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EXECUTE create_query;
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END LOOP; -- LOOP END
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END; -- FUNCTION END
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$$
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language plpgsql;
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-- +goose StatementEnd
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```
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## Go Migrations
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A sample Go migration looks like:
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"database/sql"
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"fmt"
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)
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func Up_20130106222315(txn *sql.Tx) {
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fmt.Println("Hello from migration 20130106222315 Up!")
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}
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func Down_20130106222315(txn *sql.Tx) {
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fmt.Println("Hello from migration 20130106222315 Down!")
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}
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```
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`Up_20130106222315()` will be executed as part of a forward migration, and `Down_20130106222315()` will be executed as part of a rollback.
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The numeric portion of the function name (`20130106222315`) must be the leading portion of migration's filename, such as `20130106222315_descriptive_name.go`. `goose create` does this by default.
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A transaction is provided, rather than the DB instance directly, since goose also needs to record the schema version within the same transaction. Each migration should run as a single transaction to ensure DB integrity, so it's good practice anyway.
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# Configuration
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goose expects you to maintain a folder (typically called "db"), which contains the following:
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* a `dbconf.yml` file that describes the database configurations you'd like to use
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* a folder called "migrations" which contains `.sql` and/or `.go` scripts that implement your migrations
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You may use the `-path` option to specify an alternate location for the folder containing your config and migrations.
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A sample `dbconf.yml` looks like
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```yml
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development:
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driver: postgres
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open: user=liam dbname=tester sslmode=disable
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```
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Here, `development` specifies the name of the environment, and the `driver` and `open` elements are passed directly to database/sql to access the specified database.
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You may include as many environments as you like, and you can use the `-env` command line option to specify which one to use. goose defaults to using an environment called `development`.
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goose will expand environment variables in the `open` element. For an example, see the Heroku section below.
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## Other Drivers
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goose knows about some common SQL drivers, but it can still be used to run Go-based migrations with any driver supported by `database/sql`. An import path and known dialect are required.
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Currently, available dialects are: "postgres", "mysql", or "sqlite3"
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To run Go-based migrations with another driver, specify its import path and dialect, as shown below.
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```yml
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customdriver:
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driver: custom
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open: custom open string
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import: github.com/custom/driver
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dialect: mysql
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```
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NOTE: Because migrations written in SQL are executed directly by the goose binary, only drivers compiled into goose may be used for these migrations.
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## Using goose with Heroku
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These instructions assume that you're using [Keith Rarick's Heroku Go buildpack](https://github.com/kr/heroku-buildpack-go). First, add a file to your project called (e.g.) `install_goose.go` to trigger building of the goose executable during deployment, with these contents:
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```go
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// use build constraints to work around http://code.google.com/p/go/issues/detail?id=4210
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// +build heroku
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// note: need at least one blank line after build constraint
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package main
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import _ "bitbucket.org/liamstask/goose/cmd/goose"
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```
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[Set up your Heroku database(s) as usual.](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-postgresql)
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Then make use of environment variable expansion in your `dbconf.yml`:
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```yml
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production:
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driver: postgres
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open: $DATABASE_URL
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```
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To run goose in production, use `heroku run`:
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heroku run goose -env production up
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# Contributors
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Thank you!
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* Josh Bleecher Snyder (josharian)
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* Abigail Walthall (ghthor)
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* Daniel Heath (danielrheath)
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* Chris Baynes (chris_baynes)
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* Michael Gerow (gerow)
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* Vytautas Šaltenis (rtfb)
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* James Cooper (coopernurse)
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* Gyepi Sam (gyepisam)
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* Matt Sherman (clipperhouse)
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* runner_mei
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* John Luebs (jkl1337)
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* Luke Hutton (lukehutton)
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* Kevin Gorjan (kevingorjan)
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* Brendan Fosberry (Fozz)
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* Nate Guerin (gusennan)
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