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CH03::shell & code examples: update for 2023

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David A. Harding 2023-02-05 07:02:41 -10:00
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@ -94,13 +94,12 @@ local copy ("clone") of the source code:
---- ----
$ git clone https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git $ git clone https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git
Cloning into 'bitcoin'... Cloning into 'bitcoin'...
remote: Counting objects: 102071, done. remote: Enumerating objects: 245912, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (10/10), done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Receiving objects: 100% (102071/102071), 86.38 MiB | 730.00 KiB/s, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 102071 (delta 4), reused 5 (delta 1), pack-reused 102060 remote: Total 245912 (delta 1), reused 2 (delta 1), pack-reused 245909
Resolving deltas: 100% (76168/76168), done. Receiving objects: 100% (245912/245912), 217.74 MiB | 13.05 MiB/s, done.
Checking connectivity... done. Resolving deltas: 100% (175649/175649), done.
$
---- ----
[TIP] [TIP]
@ -148,21 +147,26 @@ The list of tags shows all the released versions of bitcoin. By
convention, _release candidates_, which are intended for testing, have convention, _release candidates_, which are intended for testing, have
the suffix "rc." Stable releases that can be run on production systems the suffix "rc." Stable releases that can be run on production systems
have no suffix. From the preceding list, select the highest version have no suffix. From the preceding list, select the highest version
release, which at the time of writing was v0.15.0. To synchronize the release, which at the time of writing was v24.0.1. To synchronize the
local code with this version, use the +git checkout+ command: local code with this version, use the +git checkout+ command:
---- ----
$ git checkout v0.15.0 $ git checkout v24.0.1
HEAD is now at 3751912... Merge #11295: doc: Old fee_estimates.dat are discarded by 0.15.0 Note: switching to 'v24.0.1'.
You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
state without impacting any branches by switching back to a branch.
HEAD is now at b3f866a8d Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#26647: 24.0.1 final changes
---- ----
You can confirm you have the desired version "checked out" by issuing You can confirm you have the desired version "checked out" by issuing
the command +git status+: the command +git status+:
---- ----
$ git status HEAD detached at v24.0.1
HEAD detached at v0.15.0 nothing to commit, working tree clean
nothing to commit, working directory clean
---- ----
==== Configuring the Bitcoin Core Build ==== Configuring the Bitcoin Core Build
@ -191,19 +195,13 @@ set of build scripts using the _autogen.sh_ script.
---- ----
$ ./autogen.sh $ ./autogen.sh
libtoolize: putting auxiliary files in AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR, 'build-aux'.
libtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/ltmain.sh'
libtoolize: putting macros in AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS, 'build-aux/m4'.
... ...
glibtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/m4/libtool.m4' configure.ac:58: installing 'build-aux/missing'
glibtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/m4/ltoptions.m4' src/Makefile.am: installing 'build-aux/depcomp'
glibtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/m4/ltsugar.m4' parallel-tests: installing 'build-aux/test-driver'
glibtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/m4/ltversion.m4'
...
configure.ac:10: installing 'build-aux/compile'
configure.ac:5: installing 'build-aux/config.guess'
configure.ac:5: installing 'build-aux/config.sub'
configure.ac:9: installing 'build-aux/install-sh'
configure.ac:9: installing 'build-aux/missing'
Makefile.am: installing 'build-aux/depcomp'
...
---- ----
The _autogen.sh_ script creates a set of automatic configuration scripts The _autogen.sh_ script creates a set of automatic configuration scripts
@ -215,7 +213,7 @@ of different options to customize the build process. Type
---- ----
$ ./configure --help $ ./configure --help
`configure' configures Bitcoin Core 0.15.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems. `configure' configures Bitcoin Core 24.0.1 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
@ -224,10 +222,8 @@ Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options --disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no) --disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes] --enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--enable-silent-rules less verbose build output (undo: "make V=1")
--enable-wallet enable wallet (default is yes) --disable-silent-rules verbose build output (undo: "make V=0")
--with-gui[=no|qt4|qt5|auto]
... ...
---- ----
@ -265,17 +261,14 @@ Next, run the +configure+ script to automatically discover all the necessary lib
---- ----
$ ./configure $ ./configure
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
... ...
[many pages of configuration tests follow] [many pages of configuration tests follow]
... ...
$
---- ----
If all went well, the +configure+ command will end by creating the If all went well, the +configure+ command will end by creating the
@ -302,20 +295,13 @@ executable application:
---- ----
$ make $ make
Making all in src Making all in src
CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-hmac_sha512.lo CXX bitcoind-bitcoind.o
CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-ripemd160.lo CXX libbitcoin_node_a-addrdb.o
CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-sha1.lo CXX libbitcoin_node_a-addrman.o
CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-sha256.lo CXX libbitcoin_node_a-banman.o
CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-sha512.lo CXX libbitcoin_node_a-blockencodings.o
CXX libbitcoinconsensus_la-hash.lo CXX libbitcoin_node_a-blockfilter.o
CXX primitives/libbitcoinconsensus_la-transaction.lo
CXX libbitcoinconsensus_la-pubkey.lo
CXX script/libbitcoinconsensus_la-bitcoinconsensus.lo
CXX script/libbitcoinconsensus_la-interpreter.lo
[... many more compilation messages follow ...] [... many more compilation messages follow ...]
$
---- ----
On a fast system with more than one CPU, you might want to set the On a fast system with more than one CPU, you might want to set the
@ -336,7 +322,6 @@ libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c bitcoind /usr/local/bin/bitcoind
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c bitcoin-cli /usr/local/bin/bitcoin-cli libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c bitcoin-cli /usr/local/bin/bitcoin-cli
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c bitcoin-tx /usr/local/bin/bitcoin-tx libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c bitcoin-tx /usr/local/bin/bitcoin-tx
... ...
$
---- ----
((("", startref="BCsource03")))The default installation of +bitcoind+ ((("", startref="BCsource03")))The default installation of +bitcoind+
@ -434,10 +419,13 @@ lines.
---- ----
$ bitcoind -printtoconsole $ bitcoind -printtoconsole
Bitcoin version v0.15.0 2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Bitcoin Core version v24.0.1
Using the 'standard' SHA256 implementation 2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Using the 'x86_shani(1way,2way)' SHA256 implementation
Using data directory /home/ubuntu/.bitcoin/ 2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Using RdSeed as an additional entropy source
Using config file /home/ubuntu/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf 2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Using RdRand as an additional entropy source
2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Default data directory /home/harding/.bitcoin
2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Using data directory /home/harding/.bitcoin
2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Config file: /home/harding/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
... ...
[a lot more debug output] [a lot more debug output]
... ...
@ -455,28 +443,20 @@ other aspects of its operation. To see a listing of these options, run
---- ----
$ bitcoind --help $ bitcoind --help
Bitcoin Core Daemon version v0.15.0 Bitcoin Core version v24.0.1
Usage: Usage: bitcoind [options] Start Bitcoin Core
bitcoind [options] Start Bitcoin Core Daemon
Options: Options:
-? -?
Print this help message and exit Print this help message and exit
-version
Print version and exit
-alertnotify=<cmd> -alertnotify=<cmd>
Execute command when a relevant alert is received or we see a really Execute command when an alert is raised (%s in cmd is replaced by
long fork (%s in cmd is replaced by message) message)
... ...
[many more options] [many more options]
...
-rpcthreads=<n>
Set the number of threads to service RPC calls (default: 4)
---- ----
((("configuration options", seealso="Bitcoin Core")))Here are some of ((("configuration options", seealso="Bitcoin Core")))Here are some of
@ -576,35 +556,33 @@ foreground with output to the console:
---- ----
$ bitcoind -printtoconsole $ bitcoind -printtoconsole
2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Bitcoin Core version v24.0.1
Bitcoin version v0.15.0 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using the 'x86_shani(1way,2way)' SHA256 implementation
InitParameterInteraction: parameter interaction: -whitelistforcerelay=1 -> setting -whitelistrelay=1 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using RdSeed as an additional entropy source
Assuming ancestors of block 0000000000000000003b9ce759c2a087d52abc4266f8f4ebd6d768b89defa50a have valid signatures. 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using RdRand as an additional entropy source
Using the 'standard' SHA256 implementation 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Default data directory /home/harding/.bitcoin
Default data directory /home/ubuntu/.bitcoin 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using data directory /lotsofspace/bitcoin
Using data directory /lotsofspace/.bitcoin 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Config file: /home/harding/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
Using config file /home/ubuntu/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Config file arg: [main] blockfilterindex="1"
Using at most 125 automatic connections (1048576 file descriptors available) 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Config file arg: [main] maxuploadtarget="1000"
Using 16 MiB out of 32/2 requested for signature cache, able to store 524288 elements 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Config file arg: [main] txindex="1"
Using 16 MiB out of 32/2 requested for script execution cache, able to store 524288 elements 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Setting file arg: wallet = ["msig0"]
Using 2 threads for script verification 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Command-line arg: printtoconsole=""
HTTP: creating work queue of depth 16 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using at most 125 automatic connections (1024 file descriptors available)
No rpcpassword set - using random cookie authentication 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using 16 MiB out of 16 MiB requested for signature cache, able to store 524288 elements
Generated RPC authentication cookie /lotsofspace/.bitcoin/.cookie 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using 16 MiB out of 16 MiB requested for script execution cache, able to store 524288 elements
HTTP: starting 4 worker threads 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Script verification uses 3 additional threads
init message: Verifying wallet(s)... 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z scheduler thread start
Using BerkeleyDB version Berkeley DB 4.8.30: (April 9, 2010) 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z [http] creating work queue of depth 16
Using wallet wallet.dat 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using random cookie authentication.
CDBEnv::Open: LogDir=/lotsofspace/.bitcoin/database ErrorFile=/lotsofspace/.bitcoin/db.log 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Generated RPC authentication cookie /lotsofspace/bitcoin/.cookie
scheduler thread start 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z [http] starting 4 worker threads
Cache configuration: 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using wallet directory /lotsofspace/bitcoin/wallets
* Using 250.0MiB for block index database 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z init message: Verifying wallet(s)…
* Using 8.0MiB for chain state database 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using BerkeleyDB version Berkeley DB 4.8.30: (April 9, 2010)
* Using 1742.0MiB for in-memory UTXO set (plus up to 286.1MiB of unused mempool space) 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using /16 prefix for IP bucketing
init message: Loading block index... 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z init message: Loading P2P addresses…
Opening LevelDB in /lotsofspace/.bitcoin/blocks/index 2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Loaded 63866 addresses from peers.dat 114ms
Opened LevelDB successfully
[... more startup messages ...] [... more startup messages ...]
---- ----
@ -629,11 +607,14 @@ $ bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo
"headers": 83999, "headers": 83999,
"bestblockhash": "000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f", "bestblockhash": "000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f",
"difficulty": 1, "difficulty": 1,
"time": 1673379796,
"mediantime": 1231006505, "mediantime": 1231006505,
"verificationprogress": 3.783041623201835e-09, "verificationprogress": 3.783041623201835e-09,
"initialblockdownload": true,
"chainwork": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010001", "chainwork": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010001",
"size_on_disk": 89087,
"pruned": false, "pruned": false,
[...] "warnings": ""
} }
---- ----
@ -663,18 +644,14 @@ the available bitcoin RPC commands:
---- ----
$ bitcoin-cli help $ bitcoin-cli help
addmultisigaddress nrequired ["key",...] ( "account" ) +== Blockchain ==
addnode "node" "add|remove|onetry" getbestblockhash
backupwallet "destination" getblock "blockhash" ( verbosity )
createmultisig nrequired ["key",...] getblockchaininfo
createrawtransaction [{"txid":"id","vout":n},...] {"address":amount,...}
decoderawtransaction "hexstring"
... ...
...
verifymessage "bitcoinaddress" "signature" "message"
walletlock
walletpassphrase "passphrase" timeout walletpassphrase "passphrase" timeout
walletpassphrasechange "oldpassphrase" "newpassphrase" walletpassphrasechange "oldpassphrase" "newpassphrase"
walletprocesspsbt "psbt" ( sign "sighashtype" bip32derivs finalize )
---- ----
Each of these commands may take a number of parameters. To get Each of these commands may take a number of parameters. To get
@ -692,7 +669,7 @@ Arguments:
1. height (numeric, required) The height index 1. height (numeric, required) The height index
Result: Result:
"hash" (string) The block hash "hex" (string) The block hash
Examples: Examples:
> bitcoin-cli getblockhash 1000 > bitcoin-cli getblockhash 1000
@ -734,17 +711,25 @@ $ bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo
---- ----
[source,json] [source,json]
---- ----
"version": 150000, {
"subversion": "/Satoshi:0.15.0/", "version": 240001,
"protocolversion": 70015, "subversion": "/Satoshi:24.0.1/",
"localservices": "000000000000000d", "protocolversion": 70016,
"localservices": "0000000000000409",
"localservicesnames": [
"NETWORK",
"WITNESS",
"NETWORK_LIMITED"
],
"localrelay": true, "localrelay": true,
"timeoffset": 0, "timeoffset": -1,
"networkactive": true, "networkactive": true,
"connections": 8, "connections": 10,
"connections_in": 0,
"connections_out": 10,
"networks": [ "networks": [
... ...
detailed information about all networks (ipv4, ipv6 or onion) detailed information about all networks (ipv4, ipv6, onion, i2p, and cjdns)
... ...
], ],
"relayfee": 0.00001000, "relayfee": 0.00001000,
@ -753,14 +738,13 @@ $ bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo
], ],
"warnings": "" "warnings": ""
} }
---- ----
The data is returned in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), a format that The data is returned in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), a format that
can easily be "consumed" by all programming languages but is also quite can easily be "consumed" by all programming languages but is also quite
human-readable. Among this data we see the version numbers for the human-readable. Among this data we see the version numbers for the
bitcoin software client (150000) and Bitcoin protocol (70015). We see bitcoin software client and Bitcoin protocol. We see
the current number of connections (8) and various information about the the current number of connections and various information about the
Bitcoin network and the settings related to this client. Bitcoin network and the settings related to this client.
[TIP] [TIP]
@ -779,28 +763,25 @@ transactions")))((("transactions", "exploring with Bitcoin Core
API")))Commands: +getrawtransaction+, +decoderawtransaction+ API")))Commands: +getrawtransaction+, +decoderawtransaction+
In <<cup_of_coffee>>, ((("use cases", "buying coffee", In <<cup_of_coffee>>, ((("use cases", "buying coffee",
id="alicethree")))Alice bought a cup of coffee from Bob's Cafe. Her id="alicethree")))Alice made a purchase from Bob's store. Her
transaction was recorded on the blockchain with transaction ID (+txid+) transaction was recorded on the blockchain.
+0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a5fbd8a57286c345c2f2+.
Let's use the API to retrieve and examine that transaction by passing Let's use the API to retrieve and examine that transaction by passing
the transaction ID as a parameter: the txid as a parameter:
++++ ++++
<pre data-type="programlisting"> <pre data-type="programlisting">
$ bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction 0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a&#x21b5; $ bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction 466200308696215bbc949d5141a49a4138ecdfdfaa2a8&#x21b5;
5fbd8a57286c345c2f2 029c1f9bcecd1f96177
0100000001186f9f998a5aa6f048e51dd8419a14d8a0f1a8a2836dd734d2804fe65fa35779000&#x21b5; 01000000000101eb3ae38f27191aa5f3850dc9cad00492b88b72404f9da135698679268041c54&#x21b5;
000008b483045022100884d142d86652a3f47ba4746ec719bbfbd040a570b1deccbb6498c75c4&#x21b5; a0100000000ffffffff02204e0000000000002251203b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c&#x21b5;
ae24cb02204b9f039ff08df09cbe9f6addac960298cad530a863ea8f53982c09db8f6e3813014&#x21b5; 28279ee7f51b07dca69c7061e07068f8240100000000001600147752c165ea7be772b2c0acb7f&#x21b5;
10484ecc0d46f1918b30928fa0e4ed99f16a0fb4fde0735e7ade8416ab9fe423cc54123363767&#x21b5; 4d6047ae6f4768e0141cf5efe2d8ef13ed0af21d4f4cb82422d6252d70324f6f4576b727b7d91&#x21b5;
89d172787ec3457eee41c04f4938de5cc17b4a10fa336a8d752adfffffffff0260e3160000000&#x21b5; 8e521c00b51be739df2f899c49dc267c0ad280aca6dab0d2fa2b42a45182fc83e817130100000&#x21b5;
0001976a914ab68025513c3dbd2f7b92a94e0581f5d50f654e788acd0ef8000000000001976a9&#x21b5; 000
147f9b1a7fb68d60c536c2fd8aeaa53a8f3cc025a888ac00000000
</pre> </pre>
++++ ++++
[TIP] [TIP]
==== ====
((("transaction IDs (txd)")))((("malleability")))A transaction ID is not ((("transaction IDs (txd)")))((("malleability")))A transaction ID is not
@ -819,84 +800,79 @@ returned by +getrawtransaction+ and paste it as a parameter to
++++ ++++
<pre data-type="programlisting"> <pre data-type="programlisting">
$ bitcoin-cli decoderawtransaction 0100000001186f9f998a5aa6f048e51dd8419a14d8&#x21b5; $ bitcoin-cli decoderawtransaction 01000000000101eb3ae38f27191aa5f3850dc9cad0&#x21b5;
a0f1a8a2836dd734d2804fe65fa35779000000008b483045022100884d142d86652a3f47ba474&#x21b5; 0492b88b72404f9da135698679268041c54a0100000000ffffffff02204e00000000000022512&#x21b5;
6ec719bbfbd040a570b1deccbb6498c75c4ae24cb02204b9f039ff08df09cbe9f6addac960298&#x21b5; 03b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c28279ee7f51b07dca69c7061e07068f82401000000&#x21b5;
cad530a863ea8f53982c09db8f6e381301410484ecc0d46f1918b30928fa0e4ed99f16a0fb4fd&#x21b5; 00001600147752c165ea7be772b2c0acb7f4d6047ae6f4768e0141cf5efe2d8ef13ed0af21d4f&#x21b5;
e0735e7ade8416ab9fe423cc5412336376789d172787ec3457eee41c04f4938de5cc17b4a10fa&#x21b5; 4cb82422d6252d70324f6f4576b727b7d918e521c00b51be739df2f899c49dc267c0ad280aca6&#x21b5;
336a8d752adfffffffff0260e31600000000001976a914ab68025513c3dbd2f7b92a94e0581f5&#x21b5; dab0d2fa2b42a45182fc83e817130100000000
d50f654e788acd0ef8000000000001976a9147f9b1a7fb68d60c536c2fd8aeaa53a8f3cc025a8&#x21b5;
88ac00000000
</pre> </pre>
++++ ++++
++++ ++++
<pre data-type="programlisting" data-code-language="json"> <pre data-type="programlisting" data-code-language="json">
{ {
"txid": "0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a5fbd8a57286c345c2f2", "txid": "466200308696215bbc949d5141a49a4138ecdfdfaa2a8029c1f9bcecd1f96177",
"size": 258, "hash": "f7cdbc7cf8b910d35cc69962e791138624e4eae7901010a6da4c02e7d238cdac",
"version": 1, "version": 1,
"size": 194,
"vsize": 143,
"weight": 569,
"locktime": 0, "locktime": 0,
"vin": [ "vin": [
{ {
"txid": "7957a35fe64f80d234d76d83a2...8149a41d81de548f0a65a8a999f6f18", "txid": "4ac541802679866935a19d4f40728bb89204d0cac90d85f3a51a19...aeb",
"vout": 0, "vout": 1,
"scriptSig": { "scriptSig": {
"asm":"3045022100884d142d86652a3f47ba4746ec719bbfbd040a570b1decc...", "asm": "",
"hex":"483045022100884d142d86652a3f47ba4746ec719bbfbd040a570b1de..." "hex": ""
}, },
"txinwitness": [
"cf5efe2d8ef13ed0af21d4f4cb82422d6252d70324f6f4576b727b7d918e5...301"
],
"sequence": 4294967295 "sequence": 4294967295
} }
], ],
"vout": [ "vout": [
{ {
"value": 0.01500000, "value": 0.00020000,
"n": 0, "n": 0,
"scriptPubKey": { "scriptPubKey": {
"asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 ab68...5f654e7 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG", "asm": "1 3b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c28279ee7f51b07dca...068",
"hex": "76a914ab68025513c3dbd2f7b92a94e0581f5d50f654e788ac", "desc": "rawtr(3b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c28279ee7f51b...6ev",
"reqSigs": 1, "hex": "51203b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c28279ee7f51b07d...068",
"type": "pubkeyhash", "address": "bc1p8dqa4wjvnt890qmfws83te0v3qxzsfu7ul63kp7u56w8q...5qn",
"addresses": [ "type": "witness_v1_taproot"
"1GdK9UzpHBzqzX2A9JFP3Di4weBwqgmoQA"
]
} }
}, },
{ {
"value": 0.08450000, "value": 0.00075000,
"n": 1, "n": 1,
"scriptPubKey": { "scriptPubKey": {
"asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 7f9b1a...025a8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG", "asm": "0 7752c165ea7be772b2c0acb7f4d6047ae6f4768e",
"hex": "76a9147f9b1a7fb68d60c536c2fd8aeaa53a8f3cc025a888ac", "desc": "addr(bc1qwafvze0200nh9vkq4jmlf4sy0tn0ga5w0zpkpg)#qq404gts",
"reqSigs": 1, "hex": "00147752c165ea7be772b2c0acb7f4d6047ae6f4768e",
"type": "pubkeyhash", "address": "bc1qwafvze0200nh9vkq4jmlf4sy0tn0ga5w0zpkpg",
"addresses": [ "type": "witness_v0_keyhash"
"1Cdid9KFAaatwczBwBttQcwXYCpvK8h7FK"
]
} }
} }
] ]
} }
</pre> </pre>
++++ ++++
The transaction decode shows all the components of this transaction, The transaction decode shows all the components of this transaction,
including the transaction inputs and outputs. In this case we see that including the transaction inputs and outputs. In this case we see that
the transaction that credited our new address with 15 millibits used one the transaction used one input and generated two outputs. The input to
input and generated two outputs. The input to this transaction was the this transaction was the output from a previously confirmed transaction
output from a previously confirmed transaction (shown as the vin +txid+ (shown as the vin +txid+). The two outputs correspond to the payment to
starting with +7957a35fe+). The two outputs correspond to the 15 Bob and the change back to Alice.
millibit credit and an output with change back to the sender.
We can further explore the blockchain by examining the previous We can further explore the blockchain by examining the previous
transaction referenced by its +txid+ in this transaction using the same transaction referenced by its +txid+ in this transaction using the same
commands (e.g., +getrawtransaction+). Jumping from transaction to commands (e.g., +getrawtransaction+). Jumping from transaction to
transaction we can follow a chain of transactions back as the coins are transaction we can follow a chain of transactions back as the coins are
transmitted from owner address to owner address. transmitted from one owner to the next.
==== Exploring Blocks ==== Exploring Blocks
@ -906,71 +882,79 @@ transmitted from owner address to owner address.
((("blocks", "block height")))((("blocks", "block hash")))Exploring ((("blocks", "block height")))((("blocks", "block hash")))Exploring
blocks is similar to exploring transactions. However, blocks can be blocks is similar to exploring transactions. However, blocks can be
referenced either by the block _height_ or by the block _hash_. First, referenced either by the block _height_ or by the block _hash_. First,
let's find a block by its height. In <<cup_of_coffee>>, we saw that let's find a block by its height.
Alice's transaction was included in block 277316.
We use the +getblockhash+ command, which takes the block height as the We use the +getblockhash+ command, which takes the block height as the
parameter and returns the block hash for that block: parameter and returns the block _header hash_ for that block:
++++ ++++
<pre data-type="programlisting"> <pre data-type="programlisting">
$ bitcoin-cli getblockhash 277316 $ bitcoin-cli getblockhash 123456
0000000000000001b6b9a13b095e96db41c4a928b97ef2d944a9b31b2cc7bdc4 0000000000002917ed80650c6174aac8dfc46f5fe36480aaef682ff6cd83c3ca
</pre> </pre>
++++ ++++
Now that we know which block Alice's transaction was included in, we can Now that we know the _header hash_ for our chosen block, we can
query that block. We use the +getblock+ command with the block hash as query that block. We use the +getblock+ command with the block hash as
the parameter: the parameter:
++++ ++++
<pre data-type="programlisting"> <pre data-type="programlisting">
$ bitcoin-cli getblock 0000000000000001b6b9a13b095e96db41c4a928b97ef2d944a9b3&#x21b5; $ bitcoin-cli getblock 0000000000002917ed80650c6174aac8dfc46f5fe36480aaef682f&#x21b5;
1b2cc7bdc4 f6cd83c3ca
</pre> </pre>
++++ ++++
++++ ++++
<pre data-type="programlisting" data-code-language="json"> <pre data-type="programlisting" data-code-language="json">
{ {
"hash": "0000000000000001b6b9a13b095e96db41c4a928b97ef2d944a9b31b2cc7bdc4", "hash": "0000000000002917ed80650c6174aac8dfc46f5fe36480aaef682ff6cd83c3ca",
"confirmations": 37371, "confirmations": 651742,
"size": 218629, "height": 123456,
"height": 277316, "version": 1,
"version": 2, "versionHex": "00000001",
"merkleroot": "c91c008c26e50763e9f548bb8b2fc323735f73577effbc55502c51eb4cc7cf2e", "merkleroot": "0e60651a9934e8f0decd1c5fde39309e48fca0cd1c84a21ddfde95033762d86c",
"time": 1305200806,
"mediantime": 1305197900,
"nonce": 2436437219,
"bits": "1a6a93b3",
"difficulty": 157416.4018436489,
"chainwork": "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000541788211ac227bc",
"nTx": 13,
"previousblockhash": "0000000000000b60bc96a44724fd72daf9b92cf8ad00510b5224c6253ac40095",
"nextblockhash": "000000000000129f5f02be247070bf7334d3753e4ddee502780c2acaecec6d66",
"strippedsize": 4179,
"size": 4179,
"weight": 16716,
"tx": [ "tx": [
"d5ada064c6417ca25c4308bd158c34b77e1c0eca2a73cda16c737e7424afba2f", "5b75086dafeede555fc8f9a810d8b10df57c46f9f176ccc3dd8d2fa20edd685b",
"b268b45c59b39d759614757718b9918caf0ba9d97c56f3b91956ff877c503fbe", "e3d0425ab346dd5b76f44c222a4bb5d16640a4247050ef82462ab17e229c83b4",
"04905ff987ddd4cfe603b03cfb7ca50ee81d89d1f8f5f265c38f763eea4a21fd", "137d247eca8b99dee58e1e9232014183a5c5a9e338001a0109df32794cdcc92e",
"32467aab5d04f51940075055c2f20bbd1195727c961431bf0aff8443f9710f81", "5fd167f7b8c417e59106ef5acfe181b09d71b8353a61a55a2f01aa266af5412d",
"561c5216944e21fa29dd12aaa1a45e3397f9c0d888359cb05e1f79fe73da37bd", "60925f1948b71f429d514ead7ae7391e0edf965bf5a60331398dae24c6964774",
[... hundreds of transactions ...] "d4d5fc1529487527e9873256934dfb1e4cdcb39f4c0509577ca19bfad6c5d28f",
"78b300b2a1d2d9449b58db7bc71c3884d6e0579617e0da4991b9734cef7ab23a", "7b29d65e5018c56a33652085dbb13f2df39a1a9942bfe1f7e78e97919a6bdea2",
"6c87130ec283ab4c2c493b190c20de4b28ff3caf72d16ffa1ce3e96f2069aca9", "0b89e120efd0a4674c127a76ff5f7590ca304e6a064fbc51adffbd7ce3a3deef",
"6f423dbc3636ef193fd8898dfdf7621dcade1bbe509e963ffbff91f696d81a62", "603f2044da9656084174cfb5812feaf510f862d3addcf70cacce3dc55dab446e",
"802ba8b2adabc5796a9471f25b02ae6aeee2439c679a5c33c4bbcee97e081196", "9a4ed892b43a4df916a7a1213b78e83cd83f5695f635d535c94b2b65ffb144d3",
"eaaf6a048588d9ad4d1c092539bd571dd8af30635c152a3b0e8b611e67d1a1af", "dda726e3dad9504dce5098dfab5064ecd4a7650bfe854bb2606da3152b60e427",
"e67abc6bd5e2cac169821afc51b207127f42b92a841e976f9b752157879ba8bd", "e46ea8b4d68719b65ead930f07f1f3804cb3701014f8e6d76c4bdbc390893b94",
"d38985a6a1bfd35037cb7776b2dc86797abbb7a06630f5d03df2785d50d5a2ac", "864a102aeedf53dd9b2baab4eeb898c5083fde6141113e0606b664c41fe15e1f"
"45ea0a3f6016d2bb90ab92c34a7aac9767671a8a84b9bcce6c019e60197c134b", ]
"c098445d748ced5f178ef2ff96f2758cbec9eb32cb0fc65db313bcac1d3bc98f"
],
"time": 1388185914,
"mediantime": 1388183675,
"nonce": 924591752,
"bits": "1903a30c",
"difficulty": 1180923195.258026,
"chainwork": "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000934695e92aaf53afa1a",
"previousblockhash": "0000000000000002a7bbd25a417c0374cc55261021e8a9ca74442b01284f0569",
"nextblockhash": "000000000000000010236c269dd6ed714dd5db39d36b33959079d78dfd431ba7"
} }
</pre> </pre>
++++ ++++
The block contains 419 transactions and the 64th transaction listed The +confirmations+ entry tells us the _depth_ of this block--how many
(+0627052b...+) is Alice's coffee payment. The +height+ entry tells us blocks have been built on top of it, indicating the difficulty of
this is the 277316th block in the blockchain. changing any of the transactions in this block. The +height+ tells us
how many blocks preceeded this block. We see the block's version, the
time it was created (according to its miner), the median time of the 11
blocks that preceed this block (a time measurement that's harder for
miners to manipulate), and the size of the block in three different
measurements (its legacy stripped size, it's full size, and its size in
weight units). We also see some fields used for security and
proof-of-work (merkle root, nonce, bits, difficulty, and chainwork);
we'll examine those in detail in <<mining>>.
==== Using Bitcoin Core's Programmatic Interface ==== Using Bitcoin Core's Programmatic Interface
@ -998,7 +982,7 @@ $ curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "met
---- ----
This command shows that +curl+ submits an HTTP request to the local host This command shows that +curl+ submits an HTTP request to the local host
(127.0.0.1), connecting to the default bitcoin port (8332), and (127.0.0.1), connecting to the default Bitcoin RPC port (8332), and
submitting a +jsonrpc+ request for the +getblockchaininfo+ method using submitting a +jsonrpc+ request for the +getblockchaininfo+ method using
+text/plain+ encoding. +text/plain+ encoding.
@ -1038,10 +1022,10 @@ Running it gives us the following result:
---- ----
$ python rpc_example.py $ python rpc_example.py
394075 773973
---- ----
It tells us that our local Bitcoin Core node has 394075 blocks in its It tells us how many blocks our local Bitcoin Core node has in its
blockchain. Not a spectacular result, but it demonstrates the basic use blockchain. Not a spectacular result, but it demonstrates the basic use
of the library as a simplified interface to Bitcoin Core's JSON-RPC API. of the library as a simplified interface to Bitcoin Core's JSON-RPC API.
@ -1049,7 +1033,7 @@ Next, let's use the +getrawtransaction+ and +decodetransaction+ calls to
retrieve the details of Alice's coffee payment. In <<rpc_transaction>>, retrieve the details of Alice's coffee payment. In <<rpc_transaction>>,
we retrieve Alice's transaction and list the transaction's outputs. For we retrieve Alice's transaction and list the transaction's outputs. For
each output, we show the recipient address and value. As a reminder, each output, we show the recipient address and value. As a reminder,
Alice's transaction had one output paying Bob's Cafe and one output for Alice's transaction had one output paying Bob and one output for
change back to Alice. change back to Alice.
[[rpc_transaction]] [[rpc_transaction]]
@ -1065,8 +1049,8 @@ Running this code, we get:
---- ----
$ python rpc_transaction.py $ python rpc_transaction.py
([u'1GdK9UzpHBzqzX2A9JFP3Di4weBwqgmoQA'], Decimal('0.01500000')) bc1p8dqa4wjvnt890qmfws83te0v3qxzsfu7ul63kp7u56w8qc0qwp5qv995qn 0.00020000
([u'1Cdid9KFAaatwczBwBttQcwXYCpvK8h7FK'], Decimal('0.08450000')) bc1qwafvze0200nh9vkq4jmlf4sy0tn0ga5w0zpkpg 0.00075000
---- ----
Both of the preceding examples are rather simple. You don't really need Both of the preceding examples are rather simple. You don't really need
@ -1093,7 +1077,7 @@ Running this code, we get:
---- ----
$ python rpc_block.py $ python rpc_block.py
('Total value in block: ', Decimal('10322.07722534')) Total value in block: 10322.07722534
---- ----
Our example code calculates that the total value transacted in this Our example code calculates that the total value transacted in this
@ -1123,7 +1107,6 @@ toolkits, organized by programming languages.
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin[Bitcoin Core] :: The reference implementation of bitcoin https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin[Bitcoin Core] :: The reference implementation of bitcoin
https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin[libbitcoin]:: Cross-platform C++ development toolkit, node, and consensus library https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin[libbitcoin]:: Cross-platform C++ development toolkit, node, and consensus library
https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-explorer[bitcoin explorer]:: Libbitcoin's command-line tool https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-explorer[bitcoin explorer]:: Libbitcoin's command-line tool
https://github.com/jgarzik/picocoin[picocoin]:: A C language lightweight client library for bitcoin by Jeff Garzik
==== JavaScript ==== JavaScript
http://bcoin.io/[bcoin]:: A modular and scalable full-node implementation with API http://bcoin.io/[bcoin]:: A modular and scalable full-node implementation with API
@ -1132,31 +1115,20 @@ https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib[BitcoinJS] :: A pure JavaScript Bitco
==== Java ==== Java
https://bitcoinj.github.io[bitcoinj]:: A Java full-node client library https://bitcoinj.github.io[bitcoinj]:: A Java full-node client library
https://bitsofproof.com[Bits of Proof (BOP)]:: A Java enterprise-class implementation of bitcoin
==== PHP
https://github.com/bit-wasp/bitcoin-php[bitwasp/bitcoin]:: A PHP bitcoin library, and related projects
==== Python ==== Python
https://github.com/petertodd/python-bitcoinlib[python-bitcoinlib]:: A Python bitcoin library, consensus library, and node by Peter Todd https://github.com/petertodd/python-bitcoinlib[python-bitcoinlib]:: A Python bitcoin library, consensus library, and node by Peter Todd
https://github.com/richardkiss/pycoin[pycoin]:: A Python bitcoin library by Richard Kiss https://github.com/richardkiss/pycoin[pycoin]:: A Python bitcoin library by Richard Kiss
https://github.com/vbuterin/pybitcointools[pybitcointools]:: A Python bitcoin library by Vitalik Buterin
==== Ruby
https://github.com/sinisterchipmunk/bitcoin-client[bitcoin-client]:: A Ruby library wrapper for the JSON-RPC API
==== Go ==== Go
https://github.com/btcsuite/btcd[btcd]:: A Go language full-node Bitcoin client https://github.com/btcsuite/btcd[btcd]:: A Go language full-node Bitcoin client
==== Rust ==== Rust
https://github.com/apoelstra/rust-bitcoin[rust-bitcoin]:: Rust bitcoin library for serialization, parsing, and API calls https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin[rust-bitcoin]:: Rust bitcoin library for serialization, parsing, and API calls
==== C# ==== C#
https://github.com/MetacoSA/NBitcoin[NBitcoin]:: Comprehensive bitcoin library for the .NET framework https://github.com/MetacoSA/NBitcoin[NBitcoin]:: Comprehensive bitcoin library for the .NET framework
==== Objective-C
https://github.com/oleganza/CoreBitcoin[CoreBitcoin]:: Bitcoin toolkit for ObjC and Swift
Many more libraries exist in a variety of other programming languages Many more libraries exist in a variety of other programming languages
and more are created all the time.((("", startref="BCalt03")))((("", and more are created all the time.((("", startref="BCalt03")))((("",
startref="clients03")))((("", startref="thirdpart03")))((("", startref="clients03")))((("", startref="thirdpart03")))((("",

4
code/rpc_transaction.py
View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from bitcoin.rpc import RawProxy
p = RawProxy() p = RawProxy()
# Alice's transaction ID # Alice's transaction ID
txid = "0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a5fbd8a57286c345c2f2" txid = "466200308696215bbc949d5141a49a4138ecdfdfaa2a8029c1f9bcecd1f96177"
# First, retrieve the raw transaction in hex # First, retrieve the raw transaction in hex
raw_tx = p.getrawtransaction(txid) raw_tx = p.getrawtransaction(txid)
@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ decoded_tx = p.decoderawtransaction(raw_tx)
# Retrieve each of the outputs from the transaction # Retrieve each of the outputs from the transaction
for output in decoded_tx['vout']: for output in decoded_tx['vout']:
print(output['scriptPubKey']['addresses'], output['value']) print(output['scriptPubKey']['address'], output['value'])