mirror of
https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook
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CH03::shell & code examples: update for 2023
This commit is contained in:
David A. Harding
parent
922ef94b6d
commit
5f2c61e71b
444
ch03.asciidoc
444
ch03.asciidoc
@ -94,13 +94,12 @@ local copy ("clone") of the source code:
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----
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$ git clone https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git
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Cloning into 'bitcoin'...
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remote: Counting objects: 102071, done.
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remote: Compressing objects: 100% (10/10), done.
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Receiving objects: 100% (102071/102071), 86.38 MiB | 730.00 KiB/s, done.
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remote: Total 102071 (delta 4), reused 5 (delta 1), pack-reused 102060
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Resolving deltas: 100% (76168/76168), done.
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Checking connectivity... done.
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$
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remote: Enumerating objects: 245912, done.
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remote: Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
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remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
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remote: Total 245912 (delta 1), reused 2 (delta 1), pack-reused 245909
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Receiving objects: 100% (245912/245912), 217.74 MiB | 13.05 MiB/s, done.
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Resolving deltas: 100% (175649/175649), done.
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----
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[TIP]
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@ -148,21 +147,26 @@ The list of tags shows all the released versions of bitcoin. By
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convention, _release candidates_, which are intended for testing, have
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the suffix "rc." Stable releases that can be run on production systems
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have no suffix. From the preceding list, select the highest version
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release, which at the time of writing was v0.15.0. To synchronize the
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release, which at the time of writing was v24.0.1. To synchronize the
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local code with this version, use the +git checkout+ command:
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----
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$ git checkout v0.15.0
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HEAD is now at 3751912... Merge #11295: doc: Old fee_estimates.dat are discarded by 0.15.0
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$ git checkout v24.0.1
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Note: switching to 'v24.0.1'.
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You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
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changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
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state without impacting any branches by switching back to a branch.
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HEAD is now at b3f866a8d Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#26647: 24.0.1 final changes
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----
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You can confirm you have the desired version "checked out" by issuing
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the command +git status+:
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----
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$ git status
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HEAD detached at v0.15.0
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nothing to commit, working directory clean
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HEAD detached at v24.0.1
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nothing to commit, working tree clean
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----
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==== Configuring the Bitcoin Core Build
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@ -191,19 +195,13 @@ set of build scripts using the _autogen.sh_ script.
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----
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$ ./autogen.sh
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...
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glibtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/m4/libtool.m4'
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glibtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/m4/ltoptions.m4'
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glibtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/m4/ltsugar.m4'
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glibtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/m4/ltversion.m4'
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...
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configure.ac:10: installing 'build-aux/compile'
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configure.ac:5: installing 'build-aux/config.guess'
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configure.ac:5: installing 'build-aux/config.sub'
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configure.ac:9: installing 'build-aux/install-sh'
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configure.ac:9: installing 'build-aux/missing'
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Makefile.am: installing 'build-aux/depcomp'
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...
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libtoolize: putting auxiliary files in AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR, 'build-aux'.
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libtoolize: copying file 'build-aux/ltmain.sh'
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libtoolize: putting macros in AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS, 'build-aux/m4'.
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...
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configure.ac:58: installing 'build-aux/missing'
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src/Makefile.am: installing 'build-aux/depcomp'
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parallel-tests: installing 'build-aux/test-driver'
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----
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The _autogen.sh_ script creates a set of automatic configuration scripts
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@ -215,7 +213,7 @@ of different options to customize the build process. Type
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----
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$ ./configure --help
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`configure' configures Bitcoin Core 0.15.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
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`configure' configures Bitcoin Core 24.0.1 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
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Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
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@ -224,10 +222,8 @@ Optional Features:
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--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
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--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
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--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
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--enable-wallet enable wallet (default is yes)
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--with-gui[=no|qt4|qt5|auto]
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--enable-silent-rules less verbose build output (undo: "make V=1")
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--disable-silent-rules verbose build output (undo: "make V=0")
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...
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----
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@ -265,17 +261,14 @@ Next, run the +configure+ script to automatically discover all the necessary lib
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----
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$ ./configure
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checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
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checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
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checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
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checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
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checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
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checking whether build environment is sane... yes
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checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
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checking for gawk... gawk
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checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
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...
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[many pages of configuration tests follow]
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...
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$
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----
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If all went well, the +configure+ command will end by creating the
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@ -302,20 +295,13 @@ executable application:
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----
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$ make
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Making all in src
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CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-hmac_sha512.lo
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CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-ripemd160.lo
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CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-sha1.lo
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CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-sha256.lo
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CXX crypto/libbitcoinconsensus_la-sha512.lo
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CXX libbitcoinconsensus_la-hash.lo
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CXX primitives/libbitcoinconsensus_la-transaction.lo
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CXX libbitcoinconsensus_la-pubkey.lo
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CXX script/libbitcoinconsensus_la-bitcoinconsensus.lo
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CXX script/libbitcoinconsensus_la-interpreter.lo
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CXX bitcoind-bitcoind.o
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CXX libbitcoin_node_a-addrdb.o
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CXX libbitcoin_node_a-addrman.o
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CXX libbitcoin_node_a-banman.o
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CXX libbitcoin_node_a-blockencodings.o
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CXX libbitcoin_node_a-blockfilter.o
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[... many more compilation messages follow ...]
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$
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----
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On a fast system with more than one CPU, you might want to set the
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@ -336,7 +322,6 @@ libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c bitcoind /usr/local/bin/bitcoind
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libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c bitcoin-cli /usr/local/bin/bitcoin-cli
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libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c bitcoin-tx /usr/local/bin/bitcoin-tx
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...
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$
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----
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((("", startref="BCsource03")))The default installation of +bitcoind+
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@ -434,10 +419,13 @@ lines.
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----
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$ bitcoind -printtoconsole
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Bitcoin version v0.15.0
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Using the 'standard' SHA256 implementation
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Using data directory /home/ubuntu/.bitcoin/
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Using config file /home/ubuntu/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
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2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Bitcoin Core version v24.0.1
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2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Using the 'x86_shani(1way,2way)' SHA256 implementation
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2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Using RdSeed as an additional entropy source
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2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Using RdRand as an additional entropy source
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2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Default data directory /home/harding/.bitcoin
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2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Using data directory /home/harding/.bitcoin
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2023-01-28T03:21:42Z Config file: /home/harding/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
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...
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[a lot more debug output]
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...
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@ -455,28 +443,20 @@ other aspects of its operation. To see a listing of these options, run
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----
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$ bitcoind --help
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Bitcoin Core Daemon version v0.15.0
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Bitcoin Core version v24.0.1
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Usage:
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bitcoind [options] Start Bitcoin Core Daemon
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Usage: bitcoind [options] Start Bitcoin Core
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Options:
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-?
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Print this help message and exit
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-version
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Print version and exit
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-alertnotify=<cmd>
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Execute command when a relevant alert is received or we see a really
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long fork (%s in cmd is replaced by message)
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Execute command when an alert is raised (%s in cmd is replaced by
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message)
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...
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[many more options]
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...
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-rpcthreads=<n>
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Set the number of threads to service RPC calls (default: 4)
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----
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((("configuration options", seealso="Bitcoin Core")))Here are some of
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@ -576,35 +556,33 @@ foreground with output to the console:
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----
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$ bitcoind -printtoconsole
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Bitcoin version v0.15.0
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InitParameterInteraction: parameter interaction: -whitelistforcerelay=1 -> setting -whitelistrelay=1
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Assuming ancestors of block 0000000000000000003b9ce759c2a087d52abc4266f8f4ebd6d768b89defa50a have valid signatures.
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Using the 'standard' SHA256 implementation
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Default data directory /home/ubuntu/.bitcoin
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Using data directory /lotsofspace/.bitcoin
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Using config file /home/ubuntu/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
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Using at most 125 automatic connections (1048576 file descriptors available)
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Using 16 MiB out of 32/2 requested for signature cache, able to store 524288 elements
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Using 16 MiB out of 32/2 requested for script execution cache, able to store 524288 elements
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Using 2 threads for script verification
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HTTP: creating work queue of depth 16
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No rpcpassword set - using random cookie authentication
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Generated RPC authentication cookie /lotsofspace/.bitcoin/.cookie
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HTTP: starting 4 worker threads
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init message: Verifying wallet(s)...
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Using BerkeleyDB version Berkeley DB 4.8.30: (April 9, 2010)
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Using wallet wallet.dat
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CDBEnv::Open: LogDir=/lotsofspace/.bitcoin/database ErrorFile=/lotsofspace/.bitcoin/db.log
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scheduler thread start
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Cache configuration:
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* Using 250.0MiB for block index database
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* Using 8.0MiB for chain state database
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* Using 1742.0MiB for in-memory UTXO set (plus up to 286.1MiB of unused mempool space)
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init message: Loading block index...
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Opening LevelDB in /lotsofspace/.bitcoin/blocks/index
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Opened LevelDB successfully
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Bitcoin Core version v24.0.1
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using the 'x86_shani(1way,2way)' SHA256 implementation
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using RdSeed as an additional entropy source
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using RdRand as an additional entropy source
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Default data directory /home/harding/.bitcoin
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using data directory /lotsofspace/bitcoin
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Config file: /home/harding/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Config file arg: [main] blockfilterindex="1"
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Config file arg: [main] maxuploadtarget="1000"
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Config file arg: [main] txindex="1"
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Setting file arg: wallet = ["msig0"]
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Command-line arg: printtoconsole=""
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using at most 125 automatic connections (1024 file descriptors available)
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using 16 MiB out of 16 MiB requested for signature cache, able to store 524288 elements
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using 16 MiB out of 16 MiB requested for script execution cache, able to store 524288 elements
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Script verification uses 3 additional threads
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z scheduler thread start
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z [http] creating work queue of depth 16
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using random cookie authentication.
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Generated RPC authentication cookie /lotsofspace/bitcoin/.cookie
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z [http] starting 4 worker threads
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using wallet directory /lotsofspace/bitcoin/wallets
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z init message: Verifying wallet(s)…
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using BerkeleyDB version Berkeley DB 4.8.30: (April 9, 2010)
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Using /16 prefix for IP bucketing
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z init message: Loading P2P addresses…
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2023-01-28T03:43:39Z Loaded 63866 addresses from peers.dat 114ms
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[... more startup messages ...]
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----
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@ -629,11 +607,14 @@ $ bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo
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"headers": 83999,
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"bestblockhash": "000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f",
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"difficulty": 1,
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"time": 1673379796,
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"mediantime": 1231006505,
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"verificationprogress": 3.783041623201835e-09,
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"initialblockdownload": true,
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"chainwork": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010001",
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"size_on_disk": 89087,
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"pruned": false,
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[...]
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"warnings": ""
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}
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----
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@ -663,18 +644,14 @@ the available bitcoin RPC commands:
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----
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$ bitcoin-cli help
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addmultisigaddress nrequired ["key",...] ( "account" )
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addnode "node" "add|remove|onetry"
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backupwallet "destination"
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createmultisig nrequired ["key",...]
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createrawtransaction [{"txid":"id","vout":n},...] {"address":amount,...}
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decoderawtransaction "hexstring"
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+== Blockchain ==
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getbestblockhash
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getblock "blockhash" ( verbosity )
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getblockchaininfo
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...
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...
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verifymessage "bitcoinaddress" "signature" "message"
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walletlock
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walletpassphrase "passphrase" timeout
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walletpassphrasechange "oldpassphrase" "newpassphrase"
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walletprocesspsbt "psbt" ( sign "sighashtype" bip32derivs finalize )
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----
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Each of these commands may take a number of parameters. To get
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@ -689,14 +666,14 @@ getblockhash height
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Returns hash of block in best-block-chain at height provided.
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Arguments:
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1. height (numeric, required) The height index
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1. height (numeric, required) The height index
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Result:
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"hash" (string) The block hash
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"hex" (string) The block hash
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Examples:
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> bitcoin-cli getblockhash 1000
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> curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "getblockhash", "params": [1000] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/
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> curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id": "curltest", "method": "getblockhash", "params": [1000]}' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/
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----
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At the end of the help information you will see two examples of the RPC
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@ -734,17 +711,25 @@ $ bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo
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----
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[source,json]
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----
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"version": 150000,
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"subversion": "/Satoshi:0.15.0/",
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"protocolversion": 70015,
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"localservices": "000000000000000d",
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{
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"version": 240001,
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"subversion": "/Satoshi:24.0.1/",
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"protocolversion": 70016,
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"localservices": "0000000000000409",
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"localservicesnames": [
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"NETWORK",
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"WITNESS",
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"NETWORK_LIMITED"
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],
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"localrelay": true,
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"timeoffset": 0,
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"timeoffset": -1,
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"networkactive": true,
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"connections": 8,
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"connections": 10,
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"connections_in": 0,
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"connections_out": 10,
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"networks": [
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...
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detailed information about all networks (ipv4, ipv6 or onion)
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detailed information about all networks (ipv4, ipv6, onion, i2p, and cjdns)
|
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...
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],
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"relayfee": 0.00001000,
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@ -753,14 +738,13 @@ $ bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo
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],
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"warnings": ""
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}
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----
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The data is returned in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), a format that
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can easily be "consumed" by all programming languages but is also quite
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human-readable. Among this data we see the version numbers for the
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bitcoin software client (150000) and Bitcoin protocol (70015). We see
|
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the current number of connections (8) and various information about the
|
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bitcoin software client and Bitcoin protocol. We see
|
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the current number of connections and various information about the
|
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Bitcoin network and the settings related to this client.
|
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|
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[TIP]
|
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@ -779,28 +763,25 @@ transactions")))((("transactions", "exploring with Bitcoin Core
|
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API")))Commands: +getrawtransaction+, +decoderawtransaction+
|
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|
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In <<cup_of_coffee>>, ((("use cases", "buying coffee",
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id="alicethree")))Alice bought a cup of coffee from Bob's Cafe. Her
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transaction was recorded on the blockchain with transaction ID (+txid+)
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+0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a5fbd8a57286c345c2f2+.
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id="alicethree")))Alice made a purchase from Bob's store. Her
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transaction was recorded on the blockchain.
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Let's use the API to retrieve and examine that transaction by passing
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the transaction ID as a parameter:
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the txid as a parameter:
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++++
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<pre data-type="programlisting">
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$ bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction 0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a↵
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5fbd8a57286c345c2f2
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$ bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction 466200308696215bbc949d5141a49a4138ecdfdfaa2a8↵
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029c1f9bcecd1f96177
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0100000001186f9f998a5aa6f048e51dd8419a14d8a0f1a8a2836dd734d2804fe65fa35779000↵
|
||||
000008b483045022100884d142d86652a3f47ba4746ec719bbfbd040a570b1deccbb6498c75c4↵
|
||||
ae24cb02204b9f039ff08df09cbe9f6addac960298cad530a863ea8f53982c09db8f6e3813014↵
|
||||
10484ecc0d46f1918b30928fa0e4ed99f16a0fb4fde0735e7ade8416ab9fe423cc54123363767↵
|
||||
89d172787ec3457eee41c04f4938de5cc17b4a10fa336a8d752adfffffffff0260e3160000000↵
|
||||
0001976a914ab68025513c3dbd2f7b92a94e0581f5d50f654e788acd0ef8000000000001976a9↵
|
||||
147f9b1a7fb68d60c536c2fd8aeaa53a8f3cc025a888ac00000000
|
||||
01000000000101eb3ae38f27191aa5f3850dc9cad00492b88b72404f9da135698679268041c54↵
|
||||
a0100000000ffffffff02204e0000000000002251203b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c↵
|
||||
28279ee7f51b07dca69c7061e07068f8240100000000001600147752c165ea7be772b2c0acb7f↵
|
||||
4d6047ae6f4768e0141cf5efe2d8ef13ed0af21d4f4cb82422d6252d70324f6f4576b727b7d91↵
|
||||
8e521c00b51be739df2f899c49dc267c0ad280aca6dab0d2fa2b42a45182fc83e817130100000↵
|
||||
000
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
++++
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[TIP]
|
||||
====
|
||||
((("transaction IDs (txd)")))((("malleability")))A transaction ID is not
|
||||
@ -819,84 +800,79 @@ returned by +getrawtransaction+ and paste it as a parameter to
|
||||
|
||||
++++
|
||||
<pre data-type="programlisting">
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli decoderawtransaction 0100000001186f9f998a5aa6f048e51dd8419a14d8↵
|
||||
a0f1a8a2836dd734d2804fe65fa35779000000008b483045022100884d142d86652a3f47ba474↵
|
||||
6ec719bbfbd040a570b1deccbb6498c75c4ae24cb02204b9f039ff08df09cbe9f6addac960298↵
|
||||
cad530a863ea8f53982c09db8f6e381301410484ecc0d46f1918b30928fa0e4ed99f16a0fb4fd↵
|
||||
e0735e7ade8416ab9fe423cc5412336376789d172787ec3457eee41c04f4938de5cc17b4a10fa↵
|
||||
336a8d752adfffffffff0260e31600000000001976a914ab68025513c3dbd2f7b92a94e0581f5↵
|
||||
d50f654e788acd0ef8000000000001976a9147f9b1a7fb68d60c536c2fd8aeaa53a8f3cc025a8↵
|
||||
88ac00000000
|
||||
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli decoderawtransaction 01000000000101eb3ae38f27191aa5f3850dc9cad0↵
|
||||
0492b88b72404f9da135698679268041c54a0100000000ffffffff02204e00000000000022512↵
|
||||
03b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c28279ee7f51b07dca69c7061e07068f82401000000↵
|
||||
00001600147752c165ea7be772b2c0acb7f4d6047ae6f4768e0141cf5efe2d8ef13ed0af21d4f↵
|
||||
4cb82422d6252d70324f6f4576b727b7d918e521c00b51be739df2f899c49dc267c0ad280aca6↵
|
||||
dab0d2fa2b42a45182fc83e817130100000000
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
++++
|
||||
|
||||
++++
|
||||
<pre data-type="programlisting" data-code-language="json">
|
||||
{
|
||||
"txid": "0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a5fbd8a57286c345c2f2",
|
||||
"size": 258,
|
||||
"txid": "466200308696215bbc949d5141a49a4138ecdfdfaa2a8029c1f9bcecd1f96177",
|
||||
"hash": "f7cdbc7cf8b910d35cc69962e791138624e4eae7901010a6da4c02e7d238cdac",
|
||||
"version": 1,
|
||||
"size": 194,
|
||||
"vsize": 143,
|
||||
"weight": 569,
|
||||
"locktime": 0,
|
||||
"vin": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"txid": "7957a35fe64f80d234d76d83a2...8149a41d81de548f0a65a8a999f6f18",
|
||||
"vout": 0,
|
||||
"txid": "4ac541802679866935a19d4f40728bb89204d0cac90d85f3a51a19...aeb",
|
||||
"vout": 1,
|
||||
"scriptSig": {
|
||||
"asm":"3045022100884d142d86652a3f47ba4746ec719bbfbd040a570b1decc...",
|
||||
"hex":"483045022100884d142d86652a3f47ba4746ec719bbfbd040a570b1de..."
|
||||
"asm": "",
|
||||
"hex": ""
|
||||
},
|
||||
"txinwitness": [
|
||||
"cf5efe2d8ef13ed0af21d4f4cb82422d6252d70324f6f4576b727b7d918e5...301"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"sequence": 4294967295
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"vout": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"value": 0.01500000,
|
||||
"value": 0.00020000,
|
||||
"n": 0,
|
||||
"scriptPubKey": {
|
||||
"asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 ab68...5f654e7 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
|
||||
"hex": "76a914ab68025513c3dbd2f7b92a94e0581f5d50f654e788ac",
|
||||
"reqSigs": 1,
|
||||
"type": "pubkeyhash",
|
||||
"addresses": [
|
||||
"1GdK9UzpHBzqzX2A9JFP3Di4weBwqgmoQA"
|
||||
]
|
||||
"asm": "1 3b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c28279ee7f51b07dca...068",
|
||||
"desc": "rawtr(3b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c28279ee7f51b...6ev",
|
||||
"hex": "51203b41daba4c9ace578369740f15e5ec880c28279ee7f51b07d...068",
|
||||
"address": "bc1p8dqa4wjvnt890qmfws83te0v3qxzsfu7ul63kp7u56w8q...5qn",
|
||||
"type": "witness_v1_taproot"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"value": 0.08450000,
|
||||
"value": 0.00075000,
|
||||
"n": 1,
|
||||
"scriptPubKey": {
|
||||
"asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 7f9b1a...025a8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
|
||||
"hex": "76a9147f9b1a7fb68d60c536c2fd8aeaa53a8f3cc025a888ac",
|
||||
"reqSigs": 1,
|
||||
"type": "pubkeyhash",
|
||||
"addresses": [
|
||||
"1Cdid9KFAaatwczBwBttQcwXYCpvK8h7FK"
|
||||
]
|
||||
"asm": "0 7752c165ea7be772b2c0acb7f4d6047ae6f4768e",
|
||||
"desc": "addr(bc1qwafvze0200nh9vkq4jmlf4sy0tn0ga5w0zpkpg)#qq404gts",
|
||||
"hex": "00147752c165ea7be772b2c0acb7f4d6047ae6f4768e",
|
||||
"address": "bc1qwafvze0200nh9vkq4jmlf4sy0tn0ga5w0zpkpg",
|
||||
"type": "witness_v0_keyhash"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
++++
|
||||
|
||||
The transaction decode shows all the components of this transaction,
|
||||
including the transaction inputs and outputs. In this case we see that
|
||||
the transaction that credited our new address with 15 millibits used one
|
||||
input and generated two outputs. The input to this transaction was the
|
||||
output from a previously confirmed transaction (shown as the vin +txid+
|
||||
starting with +7957a35fe+). The two outputs correspond to the 15
|
||||
millibit credit and an output with change back to the sender.
|
||||
the transaction used one input and generated two outputs. The input to
|
||||
this transaction was the output from a previously confirmed transaction
|
||||
(shown as the vin +txid+). The two outputs correspond to the payment to
|
||||
Bob and the change back to Alice.
|
||||
|
||||
We can further explore the blockchain by examining the previous
|
||||
transaction referenced by its +txid+ in this transaction using the same
|
||||
commands (e.g., +getrawtransaction+). Jumping from transaction to
|
||||
transaction we can follow a chain of transactions back as the coins are
|
||||
transmitted from owner address to owner address.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
transmitted from one owner to the next.
|
||||
|
||||
==== Exploring Blocks
|
||||
|
||||
@ -906,71 +882,79 @@ transmitted from owner address to owner address.
|
||||
((("blocks", "block height")))((("blocks", "block hash")))Exploring
|
||||
blocks is similar to exploring transactions. However, blocks can be
|
||||
referenced either by the block _height_ or by the block _hash_. First,
|
||||
let's find a block by its height. In <<cup_of_coffee>>, we saw that
|
||||
Alice's transaction was included in block 277316.
|
||||
|
||||
let's find a block by its height.
|
||||
We use the +getblockhash+ command, which takes the block height as the
|
||||
parameter and returns the block hash for that block:
|
||||
parameter and returns the block _header hash_ for that block:
|
||||
|
||||
++++
|
||||
<pre data-type="programlisting">
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli getblockhash 277316
|
||||
0000000000000001b6b9a13b095e96db41c4a928b97ef2d944a9b31b2cc7bdc4
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli getblockhash 123456
|
||||
0000000000002917ed80650c6174aac8dfc46f5fe36480aaef682ff6cd83c3ca
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
++++
|
||||
|
||||
Now that we know which block Alice's transaction was included in, we can
|
||||
Now that we know the _header hash_ for our chosen block, we can
|
||||
query that block. We use the +getblock+ command with the block hash as
|
||||
the parameter:
|
||||
|
||||
++++
|
||||
<pre data-type="programlisting">
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli getblock 0000000000000001b6b9a13b095e96db41c4a928b97ef2d944a9b3↵
|
||||
1b2cc7bdc4
|
||||
$ bitcoin-cli getblock 0000000000002917ed80650c6174aac8dfc46f5fe36480aaef682f↵
|
||||
f6cd83c3ca
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
++++
|
||||
|
||||
++++
|
||||
<pre data-type="programlisting" data-code-language="json">
|
||||
{
|
||||
"hash": "0000000000000001b6b9a13b095e96db41c4a928b97ef2d944a9b31b2cc7bdc4",
|
||||
"confirmations": 37371,
|
||||
"size": 218629,
|
||||
"height": 277316,
|
||||
"version": 2,
|
||||
"merkleroot": "c91c008c26e50763e9f548bb8b2fc323735f73577effbc55502c51eb4cc7cf2e",
|
||||
"hash": "0000000000002917ed80650c6174aac8dfc46f5fe36480aaef682ff6cd83c3ca",
|
||||
"confirmations": 651742,
|
||||
"height": 123456,
|
||||
"version": 1,
|
||||
"versionHex": "00000001",
|
||||
"merkleroot": "0e60651a9934e8f0decd1c5fde39309e48fca0cd1c84a21ddfde95033762d86c",
|
||||
"time": 1305200806,
|
||||
"mediantime": 1305197900,
|
||||
"nonce": 2436437219,
|
||||
"bits": "1a6a93b3",
|
||||
"difficulty": 157416.4018436489,
|
||||
"chainwork": "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000541788211ac227bc",
|
||||
"nTx": 13,
|
||||
"previousblockhash": "0000000000000b60bc96a44724fd72daf9b92cf8ad00510b5224c6253ac40095",
|
||||
"nextblockhash": "000000000000129f5f02be247070bf7334d3753e4ddee502780c2acaecec6d66",
|
||||
"strippedsize": 4179,
|
||||
"size": 4179,
|
||||
"weight": 16716,
|
||||
"tx": [
|
||||
"d5ada064c6417ca25c4308bd158c34b77e1c0eca2a73cda16c737e7424afba2f",
|
||||
"b268b45c59b39d759614757718b9918caf0ba9d97c56f3b91956ff877c503fbe",
|
||||
"04905ff987ddd4cfe603b03cfb7ca50ee81d89d1f8f5f265c38f763eea4a21fd",
|
||||
"32467aab5d04f51940075055c2f20bbd1195727c961431bf0aff8443f9710f81",
|
||||
"561c5216944e21fa29dd12aaa1a45e3397f9c0d888359cb05e1f79fe73da37bd",
|
||||
[... hundreds of transactions ...]
|
||||
"78b300b2a1d2d9449b58db7bc71c3884d6e0579617e0da4991b9734cef7ab23a",
|
||||
"6c87130ec283ab4c2c493b190c20de4b28ff3caf72d16ffa1ce3e96f2069aca9",
|
||||
"6f423dbc3636ef193fd8898dfdf7621dcade1bbe509e963ffbff91f696d81a62",
|
||||
"802ba8b2adabc5796a9471f25b02ae6aeee2439c679a5c33c4bbcee97e081196",
|
||||
"eaaf6a048588d9ad4d1c092539bd571dd8af30635c152a3b0e8b611e67d1a1af",
|
||||
"e67abc6bd5e2cac169821afc51b207127f42b92a841e976f9b752157879ba8bd",
|
||||
"d38985a6a1bfd35037cb7776b2dc86797abbb7a06630f5d03df2785d50d5a2ac",
|
||||
"45ea0a3f6016d2bb90ab92c34a7aac9767671a8a84b9bcce6c019e60197c134b",
|
||||
"c098445d748ced5f178ef2ff96f2758cbec9eb32cb0fc65db313bcac1d3bc98f"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"time": 1388185914,
|
||||
"mediantime": 1388183675,
|
||||
"nonce": 924591752,
|
||||
"bits": "1903a30c",
|
||||
"difficulty": 1180923195.258026,
|
||||
"chainwork": "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000934695e92aaf53afa1a",
|
||||
"previousblockhash": "0000000000000002a7bbd25a417c0374cc55261021e8a9ca74442b01284f0569",
|
||||
"nextblockhash": "000000000000000010236c269dd6ed714dd5db39d36b33959079d78dfd431ba7"
|
||||
"5b75086dafeede555fc8f9a810d8b10df57c46f9f176ccc3dd8d2fa20edd685b",
|
||||
"e3d0425ab346dd5b76f44c222a4bb5d16640a4247050ef82462ab17e229c83b4",
|
||||
"137d247eca8b99dee58e1e9232014183a5c5a9e338001a0109df32794cdcc92e",
|
||||
"5fd167f7b8c417e59106ef5acfe181b09d71b8353a61a55a2f01aa266af5412d",
|
||||
"60925f1948b71f429d514ead7ae7391e0edf965bf5a60331398dae24c6964774",
|
||||
"d4d5fc1529487527e9873256934dfb1e4cdcb39f4c0509577ca19bfad6c5d28f",
|
||||
"7b29d65e5018c56a33652085dbb13f2df39a1a9942bfe1f7e78e97919a6bdea2",
|
||||
"0b89e120efd0a4674c127a76ff5f7590ca304e6a064fbc51adffbd7ce3a3deef",
|
||||
"603f2044da9656084174cfb5812feaf510f862d3addcf70cacce3dc55dab446e",
|
||||
"9a4ed892b43a4df916a7a1213b78e83cd83f5695f635d535c94b2b65ffb144d3",
|
||||
"dda726e3dad9504dce5098dfab5064ecd4a7650bfe854bb2606da3152b60e427",
|
||||
"e46ea8b4d68719b65ead930f07f1f3804cb3701014f8e6d76c4bdbc390893b94",
|
||||
"864a102aeedf53dd9b2baab4eeb898c5083fde6141113e0606b664c41fe15e1f"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
++++
|
||||
|
||||
The block contains 419 transactions and the 64th transaction listed
|
||||
(+0627052b...+) is Alice's coffee payment. The +height+ entry tells us
|
||||
this is the 277316th block in the blockchain.
|
||||
The +confirmations+ entry tells us the _depth_ of this block--how many
|
||||
blocks have been built on top of it, indicating the difficulty of
|
||||
changing any of the transactions in this block. The +height+ tells us
|
||||
how many blocks preceeded this block. We see the block's version, the
|
||||
time it was created (according to its miner), the median time of the 11
|
||||
blocks that preceed this block (a time measurement that's harder for
|
||||
miners to manipulate), and the size of the block in three different
|
||||
measurements (its legacy stripped size, it's full size, and its size in
|
||||
weight units). We also see some fields used for security and
|
||||
proof-of-work (merkle root, nonce, bits, difficulty, and chainwork);
|
||||
we'll examine those in detail in <<mining>>.
|
||||
|
||||
==== Using Bitcoin Core's Programmatic Interface
|
||||
|
||||
@ -998,7 +982,7 @@ $ curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "met
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
This command shows that +curl+ submits an HTTP request to the local host
|
||||
(127.0.0.1), connecting to the default bitcoin port (8332), and
|
||||
(127.0.0.1), connecting to the default Bitcoin RPC port (8332), and
|
||||
submitting a +jsonrpc+ request for the +getblockchaininfo+ method using
|
||||
+text/plain+ encoding.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1038,10 +1022,10 @@ Running it gives us the following result:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ python rpc_example.py
|
||||
394075
|
||||
773973
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
It tells us that our local Bitcoin Core node has 394075 blocks in its
|
||||
It tells us how many blocks our local Bitcoin Core node has in its
|
||||
blockchain. Not a spectacular result, but it demonstrates the basic use
|
||||
of the library as a simplified interface to Bitcoin Core's JSON-RPC API.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1049,7 +1033,7 @@ Next, let's use the +getrawtransaction+ and +decodetransaction+ calls to
|
||||
retrieve the details of Alice's coffee payment. In <<rpc_transaction>>,
|
||||
we retrieve Alice's transaction and list the transaction's outputs. For
|
||||
each output, we show the recipient address and value. As a reminder,
|
||||
Alice's transaction had one output paying Bob's Cafe and one output for
|
||||
Alice's transaction had one output paying Bob and one output for
|
||||
change back to Alice.
|
||||
|
||||
[[rpc_transaction]]
|
||||
@ -1065,8 +1049,8 @@ Running this code, we get:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ python rpc_transaction.py
|
||||
([u'1GdK9UzpHBzqzX2A9JFP3Di4weBwqgmoQA'], Decimal('0.01500000'))
|
||||
([u'1Cdid9KFAaatwczBwBttQcwXYCpvK8h7FK'], Decimal('0.08450000'))
|
||||
bc1p8dqa4wjvnt890qmfws83te0v3qxzsfu7ul63kp7u56w8qc0qwp5qv995qn 0.00020000
|
||||
bc1qwafvze0200nh9vkq4jmlf4sy0tn0ga5w0zpkpg 0.00075000
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Both of the preceding examples are rather simple. You don't really need
|
||||
@ -1093,7 +1077,7 @@ Running this code, we get:
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ python rpc_block.py
|
||||
|
||||
('Total value in block: ', Decimal('10322.07722534'))
|
||||
Total value in block: 10322.07722534
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Our example code calculates that the total value transacted in this
|
||||
@ -1123,7 +1107,6 @@ toolkits, organized by programming languages.
|
||||
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin[Bitcoin Core] :: The reference implementation of bitcoin
|
||||
https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin[libbitcoin]:: Cross-platform C++ development toolkit, node, and consensus library
|
||||
https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-explorer[bitcoin explorer]:: Libbitcoin's command-line tool
|
||||
https://github.com/jgarzik/picocoin[picocoin]:: A C language lightweight client library for bitcoin by Jeff Garzik
|
||||
|
||||
==== JavaScript
|
||||
http://bcoin.io/[bcoin]:: A modular and scalable full-node implementation with API
|
||||
@ -1132,31 +1115,20 @@ https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib[BitcoinJS] :: A pure JavaScript Bitco
|
||||
|
||||
==== Java
|
||||
https://bitcoinj.github.io[bitcoinj]:: A Java full-node client library
|
||||
https://bitsofproof.com[Bits of Proof (BOP)]:: A Java enterprise-class implementation of bitcoin
|
||||
|
||||
==== PHP
|
||||
https://github.com/bit-wasp/bitcoin-php[bitwasp/bitcoin]:: A PHP bitcoin library, and related projects
|
||||
|
||||
==== Python
|
||||
https://github.com/petertodd/python-bitcoinlib[python-bitcoinlib]:: A Python bitcoin library, consensus library, and node by Peter Todd
|
||||
https://github.com/richardkiss/pycoin[pycoin]:: A Python bitcoin library by Richard Kiss
|
||||
https://github.com/vbuterin/pybitcointools[pybitcointools]:: A Python bitcoin library by Vitalik Buterin
|
||||
|
||||
==== Ruby
|
||||
https://github.com/sinisterchipmunk/bitcoin-client[bitcoin-client]:: A Ruby library wrapper for the JSON-RPC API
|
||||
|
||||
==== Go
|
||||
https://github.com/btcsuite/btcd[btcd]:: A Go language full-node Bitcoin client
|
||||
|
||||
==== Rust
|
||||
https://github.com/apoelstra/rust-bitcoin[rust-bitcoin]:: Rust bitcoin library for serialization, parsing, and API calls
|
||||
https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin[rust-bitcoin]:: Rust bitcoin library for serialization, parsing, and API calls
|
||||
|
||||
==== C#
|
||||
https://github.com/MetacoSA/NBitcoin[NBitcoin]:: Comprehensive bitcoin library for the .NET framework
|
||||
|
||||
==== Objective-C
|
||||
https://github.com/oleganza/CoreBitcoin[CoreBitcoin]:: Bitcoin toolkit for ObjC and Swift
|
||||
|
||||
Many more libraries exist in a variety of other programming languages
|
||||
and more are created all the time.((("", startref="BCalt03")))((("",
|
||||
startref="clients03")))((("", startref="thirdpart03")))((("",
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from bitcoin.rpc import RawProxy
|
||||
p = RawProxy()
|
||||
|
||||
# Alice's transaction ID
|
||||
txid = "0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a5fbd8a57286c345c2f2"
|
||||
txid = "466200308696215bbc949d5141a49a4138ecdfdfaa2a8029c1f9bcecd1f96177"
|
||||
|
||||
# First, retrieve the raw transaction in hex
|
||||
raw_tx = p.getrawtransaction(txid)
|
||||
@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ decoded_tx = p.decoderawtransaction(raw_tx)
|
||||
|
||||
# Retrieve each of the outputs from the transaction
|
||||
for output in decoded_tx['vout']:
|
||||
print(output['scriptPubKey']['addresses'], output['value'])
|
||||
print(output['scriptPubKey']['address'], output['value'])
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user