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Trezor One Bootloader and Firmware

Building for Trezor Model T? See the core documentation.

Building with Docker

Ensure that you have Docker installed. You can follow Docker's installation instructions.

Clone this repository, then use build-docker.sh to build all images:

git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/trezor/trezor-firmware.git
cd trezor-firmware
./build-docker.sh

When the build is done, you will find the current firmware in build/legacy/firmware/firmware.bin.

Running with sudo

It is possible to run build-docker.sh if either your Docker is configured in rootless mode, or if your user is a member of the docker group; see Docker documentation for details.

If you don't satisfy the above conditions, and run sudo ./build-docker.sh, you might receive a Permission denied error. To work around it, make sure that the directory hierarchy in build/ directory is world-writable - e.g., by running chmod -R a+w build/.

Building older versions

For firmware versions 1.8.1 and newer, you can checkout the respective tag locally. To build firmware 1.8.2, for example, run git checkout legacy/v1.8.2 and then use the instructions below.

Note that the unified Docker build was added after version 1.8.3, so it is not available for older versions.

For firmwares older than 1.8.1, please clone the archived trezor-mcu repository and follow the instructions in its README.

Local development build

Make sure you have Python 3.8 or later and Poetry installed.

If you want to build device firmware, also make sure that you have the GNU ARM Embedded toolchain installed. See Dockerfile for up-to-date version of the toolchain.

The build process is configured via environment variables:

  • EMULATOR=1 specifies that an emulator should be built, instead of the device firmware.
  • DEBUG_LINK=1 specifies that DebugLink should be available in the built image.
  • PRODUCTION=0 disables memory protection. This is necessary for installing unofficial firmware.
  • DEBUG_LOG=1 enables debug messages to be printed on device screen.
  • BITCOIN_ONLY=1 specifies Bitcoin-only version of the firmware.

To run the build process, execute the following commands:

# enter the legacy subdirectory
cd legacy
# set up poetry
poetry install
# set up environment variables. For example, to build emulator with debuglink:
export EMULATOR=1 DEBUG_LINK=1
# clear build artifacts
poetry run ./script/setup
# run build process
poetry run ./script/cibuild

A built device firmware will be located in legacy/firmware/trezor.bin. A built emulator will be located in legacy/firmware/trezor.elf.

Common errors

  • "Exception: bootloader has to be smaller than 32736 bytes": if you didn't modify the bootloader source code, simply make sure you always run ./script/setup before runnning ./script/cibuild

  • "error adding symbols: File in wrong format": This happens when building emulator after building the firmware, or vice-versa. Execute the following command to fix the problem:

    find -L vendor -name "*.o" -delete

You can launch the emulator using ./firmware/trezor.elf. To use trezorctl with the emulator, use trezorctl -p udp (for example, trezorctl -p udp get_features).

You can use TREZOR_OLED_SCALE environment variable to make emulator screen bigger.

How to get fingerprint of firmware signed and distributed by SatoshiLabs?

  1. Pick version of firmware binary listed on https://data.trezor.io/firmware/1/releases.json
  2. Download it: wget -O trezor.signed.bin https://data.trezor.io/firmware/1/trezor-1.9.4.bin
  3. Use trezorctl dry-run mode to get the firmware fingerprint: 
    trezorctl firmware-update -n -f trezor.signed.bin

Step 3 should produce the same fingerprint like your local build (for the same version tag).

How to install custom built firmware?

WARNING: This will erase the recovery seed stored on the device! You should never do this on Trezor that contains coins!

Build with PRODUCTION=0 or you will get a hard fault on your device.

Switch your device to bootloader mode, then execute:

trezorctl firmware-update -f build/legacy/firmware/firmware.bin

Combining bootloader and firmware with various PRODUCTION settings, signed/unsigned

This is an issue before firmware 1.11.2, historical versions need to be built according to this table.

Not all combinations of bootloader and firmware will work. This depends on 3 variables: PRODUCTION of bootloader, PRODUCTION of firmware, whether firmware is signed

This table shows the result for bootloader 1.8.0+ and 1.9.1+:

Bootloader PRODUCTION Firmware PRODUCTION Is firmware officially signed? Result
1 1 yes works, official configuration
1 1 no hardfault in startup.S when setting VTOR and stack
0 1 no works, but don't forget to comment out check_and_replace_bootloader, otherwise it'll get overwritten
0 0 no hard fault because startup.S doesn't set VTOR and stack right
1 0 no works

The other three possibilities with signed firmware and PRODUCTION!=0 for bootloader/firmware don't exist.

Parsing existing T1 binary images with ImHex

There is multi-platform hex editor ImHex (another link) that allows for parsing firmware images we distribute such as those from https://github.com/trezor/data/tree/master/firmware

See legacy/imhex/ directory in repo and README.md there how to use it to parse headers from existing images.