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https://github.com/trezor/trezor-firmware.git
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109 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
109 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
# TREZOR Core Bootloader
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TREZOR initialization in split into two stages. See [Memory Layout](memory.md) for info about in which sectors each stage is stored.
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First stage (bootloader) is stored in write-protected area, which means it is non-upgradable.
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Only second stage (loader) update is allowed.
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## First Stage - Bootloader
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First stage checks the integrity and signatures of the second stage and runs it if everything is OK.
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If first stage bootloader finds a valid second stage loader image on the SD card (in raw format, no filesystem),
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it will replace the internal second stage, allowing a second stage update via SD card.
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## Second Stage - Loader
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Second stage checks the integrity and signatures of the firmware and runs it if everything is OK.
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If second stage loader detects a pressed finger on the display or there is no firmware loaded in the device,
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it will start in a firmware update mode, allowing a firmware update via USB.
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## Common notes
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* Hash function used for computing data digest for signatures is BLAKE2s.
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* Signature system is Ed25519 (allows combining signatures by multiple keys into one).
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* All multibyte integer values are little endian.
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* There is a tool called [firmwarectl](../tools/firmwarectl) which checks validity of the loader/firmware images including their headers.
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## Loader Format
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TREZOR Core (second stage) loader consists of 2 parts:
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1. loader header
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2. loader code
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### Loader Header
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Total length of loader header is always 256 bytes.
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| offset | length | name | description |
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|-------:|-------:|------|-------------|
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| 0x0000 | 4 | magic | firmware magic `TRZL` |
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| 0x0004 | 4 | hdrlen | length of the loader header |
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| 0x0008 | 4 | expiry | valid until timestamp (0=infinity) |
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| 0x000C | 4 | codelen | length of the loader code (without the header) |
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| 0x0010 | 1 | vmajor | version (major) |
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| 0x0011 | 1 | vminor | version (minor) |
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| 0x0012 | 1 | vpatch | version (patch) |
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| 0x0013 | 1 | vbuild | version (build) |
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| 0x0014 | 171 | reserved | not used yet (zeroed) |
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| 0x00BF | 1 | sigidx | SatoshiLabs signature indexes (bitmap) |
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| 0x00C0 | 64 | sig | SatoshiLabs signature |
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## Firmware Format
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TREZOR Core firmware consists of 3 parts:
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1. vendor header
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2. firmware header
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3. firmware code
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### Vendor Header
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Total length of vendor header is 84 + 32 * (number of pubkeys) + (length of vendor string) + (length of vendor image) bytes rounded up to the closest multiply of 256 bytes.
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| offset | length | name | description |
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|-------:|-------:|------|-------------|
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| 0x0000 | 4 | magic | firmware magic `TRZV` |
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| 0x0004 | 4 | hdrlen | length of the vendor header |
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| 0x0008 | 4 | expiry | valid until timestamp (0=infinity) |
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| 0x000C | 1 | vmajor | version (major) |
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| 0x000D | 1 | vminor | version (minor) |
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| 0x000E | 1 | vsig_m | number of signatures needed to run the firmware from this vendor |
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| 0x000F | 1 | vsig_n | number of different pubkeys vendor provides for signing |
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| 0x0010 | 32 | vpub1 | vendor pubkey 1 |
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| ... | ... | ... | ... |
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| ? | 32 | vpubn | vendor pubkey n |
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| ? | 1 | vstr_len | vendor string length |
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| ? | ? | vstr | vendor string |
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| ? | 2 | vimg_len | vendor image length |
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| ? | ? | vimg | vendor image (in [TOIf format](toif.md)) |
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| ? | 1 | sigidx | SatoshiLabs signature indexes (bitmap) |
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| ? | 64 | sig | SatoshiLabs signature |
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### Firmware Header
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Total length of firmware header is always 256 bytes.
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| offset | length | name | description |
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|-------:|-------:|------|-------------|
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| 0x0000 | 4 | magic | firmware magic `TRZF` |
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| 0x0004 | 4 | hdrlen | length of the firmware header |
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| 0x0008 | 4 | expiry | valid until timestamp (0=infinity) |
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| 0x000C | 4 | codelen | length of the firmware code (without the header) |
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| 0x0010 | 1 | vmajor | version (major) |
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| 0x0011 | 1 | vminor | version (minor) |
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| 0x0012 | 1 | vpatch | version (patch) |
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| 0x0013 | 1 | vbuild | version (build) |
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| 0x0014 | 171 | reserved | not used yet (zeroed) |
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| 0x00BF | 1 | sigidx | vendor signature indexes (bitmap) |
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| 0x00C0 | 64 | sig | vendor signature |
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## Various ideas
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* Loader should be able to read vendor + firmware header and send info about FW to client in features message.
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* Loader should not try to run firmware if there is not any.
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* Storage wiping rule: Don't erase storage when old FW and new FW are signed using the same key set. Otherwise erase.
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* Loader should send error to client when firmware update fails and allow client to try one more time. This prevents storage area erasure by accident.
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