# # Sample aliases file. Install in the location as specified by the # output from the command "postconf alias_maps". Typical path names # are /etc/aliases or /etc/mail/aliases. # # >>>>>>>>>> The program "newaliases" must be run after # >> NOTE >> this file is updated for any changes to # >>>>>>>>>> show through to Postfix. # # Person who should get root's mail. Don't receive mail as root! #root: you # Basic system aliases -- these MUST be present MAILER-DAEMON: postmaster postmaster: root # General redirections for pseudo accounts bin: root daemon: root named: root nobody: root uucp: root www: root ftp-bugs: root postfix: root # Put your local aliases here. # Well-known aliases manager: root dumper: root operator: root abuse: postmaster # trap decode to catch security attacks decode: root # ALIASES(5) ALIASES(5) # # NAME # aliases - Postfix local alias database format # # SYNOPSIS # newaliases # # DESCRIPTION # The aliases(5) table provides a system-wide mechanism to # redirect mail for local recipients. The redirections are # processed by the Postfix local(8) delivery agent. # # Normally, the aliases(5) table is specified as a text file # that serves as input to the postalias(1) command. The # result, an indexed file in dbm or db format, is used for # fast lookup by the mail system. Execute the command # newaliases in order to rebuild the indexed file after # changing the Postfix alias database. # # When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, # LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are done as for ordinary # indexed files. # # Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regu- # lar-expression map where patterns are given as regular # expressions. In this case, the lookups are done in a # slightly different way as described below under "REGULAR # EXPRESSION TABLES". # # Users can control delivery of their own mail by setting up # .forward files in their home directory. Lines in per-user # .forward files have the same syntax as the right-hand side # of aliases(5) entries. # # The format of the alias database input file is as follows: # # o An alias definition has the form # # name: value1, value2, ... # # o Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, # as are lines whose first non-whitespace character # is a `#'. # # o A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A # line that starts with whitespace continues a logi- # cal line. # # The name is a local address (no domain part). Use double # quotes when the name contains any special characters such # as whitespace, `#', `:', or `@'. The name is folded to # lowercase, in order to make database lookups case insensi- # tive. # # In addition, when an alias exists for owner-name, this # will override the envelope sender address, so that deliv- # ery diagnostics are directed to owner-name, instead of the # originator of the message (for details, see # owner_request_special, expand_owner_alias and # reset_owner_alias). This is typically used to direct # delivery errors to the maintainer of a mailing list, who # is in a better position to deal with mailing list delivery # problems than the originator of the undelivered mail. # # The value contains one or more of the following: # # address # Mail is forwarded to address, which is compatible # with the RFC 822 standard. # # /file/name # Mail is appended to /file/name. See local(8) for # details of delivery to file. Delivery is not lim- # ited to regular files. For example, to dispose of # unwanted mail, deflect it to /dev/null. # # |command # Mail is piped into command. Commands that contain # special characters, such as whitespace, should be # enclosed between double quotes. See local(8) for # details of delivery to command. # # When the command fails, a limited amount of command # output is mailed back to the sender. The file # /usr/include/sysexits.h defines the expected exit # status codes. For example, use "|exit 67" to simu- # late a "user unknown" error, and "|exit 0" to # implement an expensive black hole. # # :include:/file/name # Mail is sent to the destinations listed in the # named file. Lines in :include: files have the same # syntax as the right-hand side of alias entries. # # A destination can be any destination that is # described in this manual page. However, delivery to # "|command" and /file/name is disallowed by default. # To enable, edit the allow_mail_to_commands and # allow_mail_to_files configuration parameters. # # ADDRESS EXTENSION # When alias database search fails, and the recipient local- # part contains the optional recipient delimiter (e.g., # user+foo), the search is repeated for the unextended # address (e.g., user). # # The propagate_unmatched_extensions parameter controls # whether an unmatched address extension (+foo) is propa- # gated to the result of table lookup. # # CASE FOLDING # The local(8) delivery agent always folds the search string # to lowercase before database lookup. # # REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES # This section describes how the table lookups change when # the table is given in the form of regular expressions. For # a description of regular expression lookup table syntax, # see regexp_table(5) or pcre_table(5). NOTE: these formats # do not use ":" at the end of a pattern. # # Each regular expression is applied to the entire search # string. Thus, a search string user+foo is not broken up # into user and foo. # # Regular expressions are applied in the order as specified # in the table, until a regular expression is found that # matches the search string. # # Lookup results are the same as with indexed file lookups. # For security reasons there is no support for $1, $2 etc. # substring interpolation. # # SECURITY # The local(8) delivery agent disallows regular expression # substitution of $1 etc. in alias_maps, because that would # open a security hole. # # The local(8) delivery agent will silently ignore requests # to use the proxymap(8) server within alias_maps. Instead # it will open the table directly. Before Postfix version # 2.2, the local(8) delivery agent will terminate with a # fatal error. # # CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS # The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant. # The text below provides only a parameter summary. See # postconf(5) for more details including examples. # # alias_database (see 'postconf -d' output) # The alias databases for local(8) delivery that are # updated with "newaliases" or with "sendmail -bi". # # alias_maps (see 'postconf -d' output) # The alias databases that are used for local(8) # delivery. # # allow_mail_to_commands (alias, forward) # Restrict local(8) mail delivery to external com- # mands. # # allow_mail_to_files (alias, forward) # Restrict local(8) mail delivery to external files. # # expand_owner_alias (no) # When delivering to an alias "aliasname" that has an # "owner-aliasname" companion alias, set the envelope # sender address to the expansion of the # "owner-aliasname" alias. # # propagate_unmatched_extensions (canonical, virtual) # What address lookup tables copy an address exten- # sion from the lookup key to the lookup result. # # owner_request_special (yes) # Enable special treatment for owner-listname entries # in the aliases(5) file, and don't split owner-list- # name and listname-request address localparts when # the recipient_delimiter is set to "-". # # recipient_delimiter (empty) # The set of characters that can separate a user name # from its extension (example: user+foo), or a .for- # ward file name from its extension (example: .for- # ward+foo). # # Available in Postfix version 2.3 and later: # # frozen_delivered_to (yes) # Update the local(8) delivery agent's idea of the # Delivered-To: address (see prepend_deliv- # ered_header) only once, at the start of a delivery # attempt; do not update the Delivered-To: address # while expanding aliases or .forward files. # # STANDARDS # RFC 822 (ARPA Internet Text Messages) # # SEE ALSO # local(8), local delivery agent # newaliases(1), create/update alias database # postalias(1), create/update alias database # postconf(5), configuration parameters # # README FILES # Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_direc- # tory" to locate this information. # DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview # # LICENSE # The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this # software. # # AUTHOR(S) # Wietse Venema # IBM T.J. Watson Research # P.O. Box 704 # Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA # # Wietse Venema # Google, Inc. # 111 8th Avenue # New York, NY 10011, USA # # ALIASES(5)