Improve gravity performance (#3100)

* Gravity performance improvements.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Do not move downloaded lists into migration_backup directory.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Do not (strictly) sort domains. Random-leaf access is faster than always-last-leaf access (on average).

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Append instead of overwrite gravity_new collection list.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Rename table gravity_new to gravity_temp to clarify that this is only an intermediate table.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Add timers for each of the calls to compute intense parts. They are to be removed before this finally hits the release/v5.0 branch.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Fix legacy list files import. It currently doesn't work when the gravity database has already been updated to using the single domainlist table.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Simplify database_table_from_file(), remove all to this function for gravity lost downloads.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Update gravity.db.sql to version 10 to have newle created databases already reflect the most recent state.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Create second gravity database and swap them on success. This has a number of advantages such as instantaneous gravity updates (as seen from FTL) and always available gravity blocking. Furthermore, this saves disk space as the old database is removed on completion.

* Add timing output for the database swapping SQLite3 call.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Explicitly generate index as a separate process.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

* Remove time measurements.

Signed-off-by: DL6ER <dl6er@dl6er.de>

advanced/Templates/gravity.db.sql

@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
-PRAGMA FOREIGN_KEYS=ON;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 
 CREATE TABLE "group"
 (
 	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
 	enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
-	name TEXT NOT NULL,
+	name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+	date_added INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)),
+	date_modified INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)),
 	description TEXT
 );
+INSERT INTO "group" (id,enabled,name) VALUES (0,1,'Unassociated');
 
-CREATE TABLE whitelist
+CREATE TABLE domainlist
 (
 	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+	type INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 	domain TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
 	enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
 	date_added INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)),
@@ -18,47 +23,6 @@ CREATE TABLE whitelist
 	comment TEXT
 );
 
-CREATE TABLE whitelist_by_group
-(
-	whitelist_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES whitelist (id),
-	group_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES "group" (id),
-	PRIMARY KEY (whitelist_id, group_id)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE blacklist
-(
-	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-	domain TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
-	enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
-	date_added INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)),
-	date_modified INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)),
-	comment TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE blacklist_by_group
-(
-	blacklist_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES blacklist (id),
-	group_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES "group" (id),
-	PRIMARY KEY (blacklist_id, group_id)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE regex
-(
-	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-	domain TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
-	enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
-	date_added INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)),
-	date_modified INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)),
-	comment TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE regex_by_group
-(
-	regex_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES regex (id),
-	group_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES "group" (id),
-	PRIMARY KEY (regex_id, group_id)
-);
-
 CREATE TABLE adlist
 (
 	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
@@ -78,7 +42,8 @@ CREATE TABLE adlist_by_group
 
 CREATE TABLE gravity
 (
-	domain TEXT PRIMARY KEY
+	domain TEXT NOT NULL,
+	adlist_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES adlist (id)
 );
 
 CREATE TABLE info
@@ -87,56 +52,129 @@ CREATE TABLE info
 	value TEXT NOT NULL
 );
 
-INSERT INTO info VALUES("version","1");
+INSERT INTO "info" VALUES('version','10');
 
-CREATE VIEW vw_whitelist AS SELECT DISTINCT domain
+CREATE TABLE domain_audit
-    FROM whitelist
+(
-    LEFT JOIN whitelist_by_group ON whitelist_by_group.whitelist_id = whitelist.id
+	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = whitelist_by_group.group_id
+	domain TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
-    WHERE whitelist.enabled = 1 AND (whitelist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
+	date_added INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int))
-    ORDER BY whitelist.id;
+);
 
-CREATE TRIGGER tr_whitelist_update AFTER UPDATE ON whitelist
+CREATE TABLE domainlist_by_group
-    BEGIN
+(
-      UPDATE whitelist SET date_modified = (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)) WHERE domain = NEW.domain;
+	domainlist_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES domainlist (id),
-    END;
+	group_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES "group" (id),
+	PRIMARY KEY (domainlist_id, group_id)
+);
 
-CREATE VIEW vw_blacklist AS SELECT DISTINCT domain
+CREATE TABLE client
-    FROM blacklist
+(
-    LEFT JOIN blacklist_by_group ON blacklist_by_group.blacklist_id = blacklist.id
+	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = blacklist_by_group.group_id
+	ip TEXT NOL NULL UNIQUE
-    WHERE blacklist.enabled = 1 AND (blacklist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
+);
-    ORDER BY blacklist.id;
 
-CREATE TRIGGER tr_blacklist_update AFTER UPDATE ON blacklist
+CREATE TABLE client_by_group
-    BEGIN
+(
-      UPDATE blacklist SET date_modified = (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)) WHERE domain = NEW.domain;
+	client_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES client (id),
-    END;
+	group_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES "group" (id),
-
+	PRIMARY KEY (client_id, group_id)
-CREATE VIEW vw_regex AS SELECT DISTINCT domain
+);
-    FROM regex
-    LEFT JOIN regex_by_group ON regex_by_group.regex_id = regex.id
-    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = regex_by_group.group_id
-    WHERE regex.enabled = 1 AND (regex_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
-    ORDER BY regex.id;
-
-CREATE TRIGGER tr_regex_update AFTER UPDATE ON regex
-    BEGIN
-      UPDATE regex SET date_modified = (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)) WHERE domain = NEW.domain;
-    END;
-
-CREATE VIEW vw_adlist AS SELECT DISTINCT address
-    FROM adlist
-    LEFT JOIN adlist_by_group ON adlist_by_group.adlist_id = adlist.id
-    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = adlist_by_group.group_id
-    WHERE adlist.enabled = 1 AND (adlist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
-    ORDER BY adlist.id;
 
 CREATE TRIGGER tr_adlist_update AFTER UPDATE ON adlist
     BEGIN
       UPDATE adlist SET date_modified = (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)) WHERE address = NEW.address;
     END;
 
-CREATE VIEW vw_gravity AS SELECT domain
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_domainlist_update AFTER UPDATE ON domainlist
+    BEGIN
+      UPDATE domainlist SET date_modified = (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)) WHERE domain = NEW.domain;
+    END;
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_whitelist AS SELECT domain, domainlist.id AS id, domainlist_by_group.group_id AS group_id
+    FROM domainlist
+    LEFT JOIN domainlist_by_group ON domainlist_by_group.domainlist_id = domainlist.id
+    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = domainlist_by_group.group_id
+    WHERE domainlist.enabled = 1 AND (domainlist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
+    AND domainlist.type = 0
+    ORDER BY domainlist.id;
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_blacklist AS SELECT domain, domainlist.id AS id, domainlist_by_group.group_id AS group_id
+    FROM domainlist
+    LEFT JOIN domainlist_by_group ON domainlist_by_group.domainlist_id = domainlist.id
+    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = domainlist_by_group.group_id
+    WHERE domainlist.enabled = 1 AND (domainlist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
+    AND domainlist.type = 1
+    ORDER BY domainlist.id;
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_regex_whitelist AS SELECT domain, domainlist.id AS id, domainlist_by_group.group_id AS group_id
+    FROM domainlist
+    LEFT JOIN domainlist_by_group ON domainlist_by_group.domainlist_id = domainlist.id
+    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = domainlist_by_group.group_id
+    WHERE domainlist.enabled = 1 AND (domainlist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
+    AND domainlist.type = 2
+    ORDER BY domainlist.id;
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_regex_blacklist AS SELECT domain, domainlist.id AS id, domainlist_by_group.group_id AS group_id
+    FROM domainlist
+    LEFT JOIN domainlist_by_group ON domainlist_by_group.domainlist_id = domainlist.id
+    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = domainlist_by_group.group_id
+    WHERE domainlist.enabled = 1 AND (domainlist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
+    AND domainlist.type = 3
+    ORDER BY domainlist.id;
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_gravity AS SELECT domain, adlist_by_group.group_id AS group_id
     FROM gravity
-    WHERE domain NOT IN (SELECT domain from vw_whitelist);
+    LEFT JOIN adlist_by_group ON adlist_by_group.adlist_id = gravity.adlist_id
+    LEFT JOIN adlist ON adlist.id = gravity.adlist_id
+    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = adlist_by_group.group_id
+    WHERE adlist.enabled = 1 AND (adlist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1);
+
+CREATE VIEW vw_adlist AS SELECT DISTINCT address, adlist.id AS id
+    FROM adlist
+    LEFT JOIN adlist_by_group ON adlist_by_group.adlist_id = adlist.id
+    LEFT JOIN "group" ON "group".id = adlist_by_group.group_id
+    WHERE adlist.enabled = 1 AND (adlist_by_group.group_id IS NULL OR "group".enabled = 1)
+    ORDER BY adlist.id;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_domainlist_add AFTER INSERT ON domainlist
+    BEGIN
+      INSERT INTO domainlist_by_group (domainlist_id, group_id) VALUES (NEW.id, 0);
+    END;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_client_add AFTER INSERT ON client
+    BEGIN
+      INSERT INTO client_by_group (client_id, group_id) VALUES (NEW.id, 0);
+    END;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_adlist_add AFTER INSERT ON adlist
+    BEGIN
+      INSERT INTO adlist_by_group (adlist_id, group_id) VALUES (NEW.id, 0);
+    END;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_group_update AFTER UPDATE ON "group"
+    BEGIN
+      UPDATE "group" SET date_modified = (cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int)) WHERE id = NEW.id;
+    END;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_group_zero AFTER DELETE ON "group"
+    BEGIN
+      INSERT OR IGNORE INTO "group" (id,enabled,name) VALUES (0,1,'Unassociated');
+    END;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_domainlist_delete AFTER DELETE ON domainlist
+    BEGIN
+      DELETE FROM domainlist_by_group WHERE domainlist_id = OLD.id;
+    END;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_adlist_delete AFTER DELETE ON adlist
+    BEGIN
+      DELETE FROM adlist_by_group WHERE adlist_id = OLD.id;
+    END;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER tr_client_delete AFTER DELETE ON client
+    BEGIN
+      DELETE FROM client_by_group WHERE client_id = OLD.id;
+    END;
+
+COMMIT;

advanced/Templates/gravity_copy.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.timeout 30000
+
+ATTACH DATABASE '/etc/pihole/gravity.db' AS OLD;
+
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO "group" SELECT * FROM OLD."group";
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO domain_audit SELECT * FROM OLD.domain_audit;
+
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO domainlist SELECT * FROM OLD.domainlist;
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO domainlist_by_group SELECT * FROM OLD.domainlist_by_group;
+
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO adlist SELECT * FROM OLD.adlist;
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO adlist_by_group SELECT * FROM OLD.adlist_by_group;
+
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO info SELECT * FROM OLD.info;
+
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO client SELECT * FROM OLD.client;
+INSERT OR REPLACE INTO client_by_group SELECT * FROM OLD.client_by_group;
+
+COMMIT;

gravity.sh

@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ VPNList="/etc/openvpn/ipp.txt"
 
 piholeGitDir="/etc/.pihole"
 gravityDBfile="${piholeDir}/gravity.db"
+gravityTEMPfile="${piholeDir}/gravity_temp.db"
 gravityDBschema="${piholeGitDir}/advanced/Templates/gravity.db.sql"
+gravityDBcopy="${piholeGitDir}/advanced/Templates/gravity_copy.sql"
 optimize_database=false
 
 domainsExtension="domains"
@@ -80,31 +82,49 @@ fi
 
 # Generate new sqlite3 file from schema template
 generate_gravity_database() {
-  sqlite3 "${gravityDBfile}" < "${gravityDBschema}"
+  sqlite3 "${1}" < "${gravityDBschema}"
 }
 
-update_gravity_timestamp() {
+# Copy data from old to new database file and swap them
-  # Update timestamp when the gravity table was last updated successfully
+gravity_swap_databases() {
-  output=$( { printf ".timeout 30000\\nINSERT OR REPLACE INTO info (property,value) values ('updated',cast(strftime('%%s', 'now') as int));" | sqlite3 "${gravityDBfile}"; } 2>&1 )
+  local str
+  str="Building tree"
+  echo -ne "  ${INFO} ${str}..."
+
+  # The index is intentionally not UNIQUE as prro quality adlists may contain domains more than once
+  output=$( { sqlite3 "${gravityTEMPfile}" "CREATE INDEX idx_gravity ON gravity (domain, adlist_id);"; } 2>&1 )
   status="$?"
 
   if [[ "${status}" -ne 0 ]]; then
-    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to update gravity timestamp in database ${gravityDBfile}\\n  ${output}"
+    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to build gravity tree in ${gravityTEMPfile}\\n  ${output}"
     return 1
   fi
-  return 0
+  echo -e "${OVER}  ${TICK} ${str}"
-}
 
-database_truncate_table() {
+  str="Swapping databases"
-  local table
+  echo -ne "  ${INFO} ${str}..."
-  table="${1}"
 
-  output=$( { printf ".timeout 30000\\nDELETE FROM %s;" "${table}" | sqlite3 "${gravityDBfile}"; } 2>&1 )
+  output=$( { sqlite3 "${gravityTEMPfile}" < "${gravityDBcopy}"; } 2>&1 )
   status="$?"
 
   if [[ "${status}" -ne 0 ]]; then
-    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to truncate ${table} database ${gravityDBfile}\\n  ${output}"
+    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to copy data from ${gravityDBfile} to ${gravityTEMPfile}\\n  ${output}"
-    gravity_Cleanup "error"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  echo -e "${OVER}  ${TICK} ${str}"
+
+  # Swap databases and remove old database
+  rm "${gravityDBfile}"
+  mv "${gravityTEMPfile}" "${gravityDBfile}"
+}
+
+# Update timestamp when the gravity table was last updated successfully
+update_gravity_timestamp() {
+  output=$( { printf ".timeout 30000\\nINSERT OR REPLACE INTO info (property,value) values ('updated',cast(strftime('%%s', 'now') as int));" | sqlite3 "${gravityTEMPfile}"; } 2>&1 )
+  status="$?"
+
+  if [[ "${status}" -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to update gravity timestamp in database ${gravityTEMPfile}\\n  ${output}"
     return 1
   fi
   return 0
@@ -113,73 +133,80 @@ database_truncate_table() {
 # Import domains from file and store them in the specified database table
 database_table_from_file() {
   # Define locals
-  local table source backup_path backup_file arg
+  local table source backup_path backup_file tmpFile type
   table="${1}"
   source="${2}"
-  arg="${3}"
   backup_path="${piholeDir}/migration_backup"
   backup_file="${backup_path}/$(basename "${2}")"
-
-  # Truncate table only if not gravity (we add multiple times to this table)
-  if [[ "${table}" != "gravity" ]]; then
-    database_truncate_table "${table}"
-  fi
-
-  local tmpFile
   tmpFile="$(mktemp -p "/tmp" --suffix=".gravity")"
+
   local timestamp
   timestamp="$(date --utc +'%s')"
-  local inputfile
+
-  # Apply format for white-, blacklist, regex, and adlist tables
-  # Read file line by line
   local rowid
   declare -i rowid
   rowid=1
 
-  if [[ "${table}" == "gravity" ]]; then
+  # Special handling for domains to be imported into the common domainlist table
-    #Append ,${arg} to every line and then remove blank lines before import
+  if [[ "${table}" == "whitelist" ]]; then
-    sed -e "s/$/,${arg}/" "${source}" > "${tmpFile}"
+    type="0"
-    sed -i '/^$/d' "${tmpFile}"
+    table="domainlist"
-  else
+  elif [[ "${table}" == "blacklist" ]]; then
-    grep -v '^ *#' < "${source}" | while IFS= read -r domain
+    type="1"
-    do
+    table="domainlist"
-      # Only add non-empty lines
+  elif [[ "${table}" == "regex" ]]; then
-      if [[ -n "${domain}" ]]; then
+    type="3"
-        if [[ "${table}" == "domain_audit" ]]; then
+    table="domainlist"
-          # domain_audit table format (no enable or modified fields)
-          echo "${rowid},\"${domain}\",${timestamp}" >> "${tmpFile}"
-        else
-          # White-, black-, and regexlist format
-          echo "${rowid},\"${domain}\",1,${timestamp},${timestamp},\"Migrated from ${source}\"" >> "${tmpFile}"
-        fi
-        rowid+=1
-      fi
-    done
   fi
-  inputfile="${tmpFile}"
 
-  # Remove possible duplicates found in lower-quality adlists
+  # Get MAX(id) from domainlist when INSERTing into this table
-  sort -u -o "${inputfile}" "${inputfile}"
+  if [[ "${table}" == "domainlist" ]]; then
+    rowid="$(sqlite3 "${gravityDBfile}" "SELECT MAX(id) FROM domainlist;")"
+    if [[ -z "$rowid" ]]; then
+      rowid=0
+    fi
+    rowid+=1
+  fi
+
+  # Loop over all domains in ${source} file
+  # Read file line by line
+  grep -v '^ *#' < "${source}" | while IFS= read -r domain
+  do
+    # Only add non-empty lines
+    if [[ -n "${domain}" ]]; then
+      if [[ "${table}" == "domain_audit" ]]; then
+        # domain_audit table format (no enable or modified fields)
+        echo "${rowid},\"${domain}\",${timestamp}" >> "${tmpFile}"
+      elif [[ "${table}" == "adlist" ]]; then
+        # Adlist table format
+        echo "${rowid},\"${domain}\",1,${timestamp},${timestamp},\"Migrated from ${source}\"" >> "${tmpFile}"
+      else
+        # White-, black-, and regexlist table format
+        echo "${rowid},${type},\"${domain}\",1,${timestamp},${timestamp},\"Migrated from ${source}\"" >> "${tmpFile}"
+      fi
+      rowid+=1
+    fi
+  done
 
   # Store domains in database table specified by ${table}
   # Use printf as .mode and .import need to be on separate lines
   # see https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/445615/83260
-  output=$( { printf ".timeout 30000\\n.mode csv\\n.import \"%s\" %s\\n" "${inputfile}" "${table}" | sqlite3 "${gravityDBfile}"; } 2>&1 )
+  output=$( { printf ".timeout 30000\\n.mode csv\\n.import \"%s\" %s\\n" "${tmpFile}" "${table}" | sqlite3 "${gravityDBfile}"; } 2>&1 )
   status="$?"
 
   if [[ "${status}" -ne 0 ]]; then
-    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to fill table ${table} in database ${gravityDBfile}\\n  ${output}"
+    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to fill table ${table}${type} in database ${gravityDBfile}\\n  ${output}"
     gravity_Cleanup "error"
   fi
 
-  # Delete tmpfile
-  rm "${tmpFile}" > /dev/null 2>&1 || \
-      echo -e "  ${CROSS} Unable to remove ${tmpFile}"
-
   # Move source file to backup directory, create directory if not existing
   mkdir -p "${backup_path}"
   mv "${source}" "${backup_file}" 2> /dev/null || \
       echo -e "  ${CROSS} Unable to backup ${source} to ${backup_path}"
+
+  # Delete tmpFile
+  rm "${tmpFile}" > /dev/null 2>&1 || \
+    echo -e "  ${CROSS} Unable to remove ${tmpFile}"
 }
 
 # Migrate pre-v5.0 list files to database-based Pi-hole versions
@@ -188,7 +215,10 @@ migrate_to_database() {
   if [ ! -e "${gravityDBfile}" ]; then
     # Create new database file - note that this will be created in version 1
     echo -e "  ${INFO} Creating new gravity database"
-    generate_gravity_database
+    generate_gravity_database "${gravityDBfile}"
+
+    # Check if gravity database needs to be updated
+    upgrade_gravityDB "${gravityDBfile}" "${piholeDir}"
 
     # Migrate list files to new database
     if [ -e "${adListFile}" ]; then
@@ -306,16 +336,25 @@ gravity_DownloadBlocklists() {
     return 1
   fi
 
-  local url domain agent cmd_ext str
+  local url domain agent cmd_ext str target
   echo ""
 
-  # Flush gravity table once before looping over sources
+  # Prepare new gravity database
-  str="Flushing gravity table"
+  str="Preparing new gravity database"
   echo -ne "  ${INFO} ${str}..."
-  if database_truncate_table "gravity"; then
+  rm "${gravityTEMPfile}" > /dev/null 2>&1
+  output=$( { sqlite3 "${gravityTEMPfile}" < "${gravityDBschema}"; } 2>&1 )
+  status="$?"
+
+  if [[ "${status}" -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to create new database ${gravityTEMPfile}\\n  ${output}"
+    gravity_Cleanup "error"
+  else
     echo -e "${OVER}  ${TICK} ${str}"
   fi
 
+  target="$(mktemp -p "/tmp" --suffix=".gravity")"
+
   # Loop through $sources and download each one
   for ((i = 0; i < "${#sources[@]}"; i++)); do
     url="${sources[$i]}"
@@ -335,15 +374,32 @@ gravity_DownloadBlocklists() {
     esac
 
     echo -e "  ${INFO} Target: ${url}"
-    gravity_DownloadBlocklistFromUrl "${url}" "${cmd_ext}" "${agent}" "${sourceIDs[$i]}"
+    gravity_DownloadBlocklistFromUrl "${url}" "${cmd_ext}" "${agent}" "${sourceIDs[$i]}" "${saveLocation}" "${target}"
     echo ""
   done
+
+  str="Storing downloaded domains in new gravity database"
+  echo -ne "  ${INFO} ${str}..."
+  output=$( { printf ".timeout 30000\\n.mode csv\\n.import \"%s\" gravity\\n" "${target}" | sqlite3 "${gravityTEMPfile}"; } 2>&1 )
+  status="$?"
+
+  if [[ "${status}" -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo -e "\\n  ${CROSS} Unable to fill gravity table in database ${gravityTEMPfile}\\n  ${output}"
+    gravity_Cleanup "error"
+  else
+    echo -e "${OVER}  ${TICK} ${str}"
+  fi
+
+  rm "${target}" > /dev/null 2>&1 || \
+    echo -e "  ${CROSS} Unable to remove ${target}"
+
   gravity_Blackbody=true
 }
 
 # Download specified URL and perform checks on HTTP status and file content
 gravity_DownloadBlocklistFromUrl() {
-  local url="${1}" cmd_ext="${2}" agent="${3}" adlistID="${4}" heisenbergCompensator="" patternBuffer str httpCode success=""
+  local url="${1}" cmd_ext="${2}" agent="${3}" adlistID="${4}" saveLocation="${5}" target="${6}"
+  local heisenbergCompensator="" patternBuffer str httpCode success=""
 
   # Create temp file to store content on disk instead of RAM
   patternBuffer=$(mktemp -p "/tmp" --suffix=".phgpb")
@@ -424,20 +480,15 @@ gravity_DownloadBlocklistFromUrl() {
   # Determine if the blocklist was downloaded and saved correctly
   if [[ "${success}" == true ]]; then
     if [[ "${httpCode}" == "304" ]]; then
-      # Add domains to database table
+      # Add domains to database table file
-      str="Adding adlist with ID ${adlistID} to database table"
+      #Append ,${arg} to every line and then remove blank lines before import
-      echo -ne "  ${INFO} ${str}..."
+      sed -e "s/$/,${adlistID}/;/^$/d" "${saveLocation}" >> "${target}"
-      database_table_from_file "gravity" "${saveLocation}" "${adlistID}"
-      echo -e "${OVER}  ${TICK} ${str}"
     # Check if $patternbuffer is a non-zero length file
     elif [[ -s "${patternBuffer}" ]]; then
       # Determine if blocklist is non-standard and parse as appropriate
       gravity_ParseFileIntoDomains "${patternBuffer}" "${saveLocation}"
-      # Add domains to database table
+      #Append ,${arg} to every line and then remove blank lines before import
-      str="Adding adlist with ID ${adlistID} to database table"
+      sed -e "s/$/,${adlistID}/;/^$/d" "${saveLocation}" >> "${target}"
-      echo -ne "  ${INFO} ${str}..."
-      database_table_from_file "gravity" "${saveLocation}" "${adlistID}"
-      echo -e "${OVER}  ${TICK} ${str}"
     else
       # Fall back to previously cached list if $patternBuffer is empty
       echo -e "  ${INFO} Received empty file: ${COL_LIGHT_GREEN}using previously cached list${COL_NC}"
@@ -446,11 +497,8 @@ gravity_DownloadBlocklistFromUrl() {
     # Determine if cached list has read permission
     if [[ -r "${saveLocation}" ]]; then
       echo -e "  ${CROSS} List download failed: ${COL_LIGHT_GREEN}using previously cached list${COL_NC}"
-      # Add domains to database table
+      #Append ,${arg} to every line and then remove blank lines before import
-      str="Adding to database table"
+      sed -e "s/$/,${adlistID}/;/^$/d" "${saveLocation}" >> "${target}"
-      echo -ne "  ${INFO} ${str}..."
-      database_table_from_file "gravity" "${saveLocation}" "${adlistID}"
-      echo -e "${OVER}  ${TICK} ${str}"
     else
       echo -e "  ${CROSS} List download failed: ${COL_LIGHT_RED}no cached list available${COL_NC}"
     fi
@@ -686,10 +734,6 @@ fi
 # Move possibly existing legacy files to the gravity database
 migrate_to_database
 
-# Ensure proper permissions are set for the newly created database
-chown pihole:pihole "${gravityDBfile}"
-chmod g+w "${piholeDir}" "${gravityDBfile}"
-
 if [[ "${forceDelete:-}" == true ]]; then
   str="Deleting existing list cache"
   echo -ne "${INFO} ${str}..."
@@ -704,15 +748,26 @@ gravity_DownloadBlocklists
 
 # Create local.list
 gravity_generateLocalList
-gravity_ShowCount
 
+# Update gravity timestamp
 update_gravity_timestamp
 
-gravity_Cleanup
+# Migrate rest of the data from old to new database
-echo ""
+gravity_swap_databases
+
+# Ensure proper permissions are set for the database
+chown pihole:pihole "${gravityDBfile}"
+chmod g+w "${piholeDir}" "${gravityDBfile}"
 
 # Determine if DNS has been restarted by this instance of gravity
 if [[ -z "${dnsWasOffline:-}" ]]; then
   "${PIHOLE_COMMAND}" restartdns reload
 fi
+
+# Compute numbers to be displayed
+gravity_ShowCount
+
+gravity_Cleanup
+echo ""
+
 "${PIHOLE_COMMAND}" status