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This chapter describes the linux kernel boot process. Here you will see a
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couple of posts which describes the full cycle of the kernel loading process:
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* [From the bootloader to kernel](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Booting/linux-bootstrap-1.html) - describes all stages from turning on the computer to running the first instruction of the kernel.
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* [First steps in the kernel setup code](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Booting/linux-bootstrap-2.html) - describes first steps in the kernel setup code. You will see heap initialization, query of different parameters like EDD, IST and etc...
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* [Video mode initialization and transition to protected mode](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Booting/linux-bootstrap-3.html) - describes video mode initialization in the kernel setup code and transition to protected mode.
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* [Transition to 64-bit mode](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Booting/linux-bootstrap-4.html) - describes preparation for transition into 64-bit mode and details of transition.
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* [Kernel Decompression](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Booting/linux-bootstrap-5.html) - describes preparation before kernel decompression and details of direct decompression.
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* [From the bootloader to kernel](linux-bootstrap-1.md) - describes all stages from turning on the computer to running the first instruction of the kernel.
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* [First steps in the kernel setup code](linux-bootstrap-2.md) - describes first steps in the kernel setup code. You will see heap initialization, query of different parameters like EDD, IST and etc...
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* [Video mode initialization and transition to protected mode](linux-bootstrap-3.md) - describes video mode initialization in the kernel setup code and transition to protected mode.
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* [Transition to 64-bit mode](linux-bootstrap-4.md) - describes preparation for transition into 64-bit mode and details of transition.
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* [Kernel Decompression](linux-bootstrap-5.md) - describes preparation before kernel decompression and details of direct decompression.
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This chapter describes `control groups` mechanism in the Linux kernel.
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* [Introduction](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Cgroups/cgroups1.html)
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* [Introduction](cgroups1.md)
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This chapter describes various concepts which are used in the Linux kernel.
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* [Per-CPU variables](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Concepts/per-cpu.html)
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* [CPU masks](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Concepts/cpumask.html)
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* [The initcall mechanism](https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Concepts/initcall.html)
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* [Per-CPU variables](per-cpu.md)
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* [CPU masks](cpumask.md)
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* [The initcall mechanism](initcall.md)
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This part considers the following data structures and algorithms:
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* [Doubly linked list](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/DataStructures/dlist.md)
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* [Radix tree](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/DataStructures/radix-tree.md)
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* [Bit arrays](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/DataStructures/bitmap.md)
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* [Doubly linked list](dlist.md)
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* [Radix tree](radix-tree.md)
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* [Bit arrays](bitmap.md)
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*Note* That there will not be a description of the all kernel initialization steps. Here will be only generic kernel part, without interrupts handling, ACPI, and many other parts. All parts which I have missed, will be described in other chapters.
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* [First steps after kernel decompression](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-1.md) - describes first steps in the kernel.
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* [Early interrupt and exception handling](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-2.md) - describes early interrupts initialization and early page fault handler.
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* [Last preparations before the kernel entry point](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-3.md) - describes the last preparations before the call of the `start_kernel`.
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* [Kernel entry point](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-4.md) - describes first steps in the kernel generic code.
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* [Continue of architecture-specific initializations](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-5.md) - describes architecture-specific initialization.
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* [Architecture-specific initializations, again...](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-6.md) - describes continue of the architecture-specific initialization process.
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* [The End of the architecture-specific initializations, almost...](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-7.md) - describes the end of the `setup_arch` related stuff.
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* [Scheduler initialization](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-8.md) - describes preparation before scheduler initialization and initialization of it.
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* [RCU initialization](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-9.md) - describes the initialization of the [RCU](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-copy-update).
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* [End of the initialization](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/linux-initialization-10.md) - the last part about linux kernel initialization.
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* [First steps after kernel decompression](linux-initialization-1.md) - describes first steps in the kernel.
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* [Early interrupt and exception handling](linux-initialization-2.md) - describes early interrupts initialization and early page fault handler.
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* [Last preparations before the kernel entry point](linux-initialization-3.md) - describes the last preparations before the call of the `start_kernel`.
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* [Kernel entry point](linux-initialization-4.md) - describes first steps in the kernel generic code.
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* [Continue of architecture-specific initializations](linux-initialization-5.md) - describes architecture-specific initialization.
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* [Architecture-specific initializations, again...](linux-initialization-6.md) - describes continue of the architecture-specific initialization process.
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* [The End of the architecture-specific initializations, almost...](linux-initialization-7.md) - describes the end of the `setup_arch` related stuff.
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* [Scheduler initialization](linux-initialization-8.md) - describes preparation before scheduler initialization and initialization of it.
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* [RCU initialization](linux-initialization-9.md) - describes the initialization of the [RCU](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-copy-update).
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* [End of the initialization](linux-initialization-10.md) - the last part about linux kernel initialization.
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This chapter describes synchronization primitives in the Linux kernel.
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* [Introduction to spinlocks](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/sync-1.html) - the first part of this chapter describes implementation of spinlock mechanism in the Linux kernel.
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* [Queued spinlocks](https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/sync-2.html) - the second part describes another type of spinlocks - queued spinlocks.
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* [Semaphores](https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/sync-3.html) - this part describes implementation of `semaphore` synchronization primitive in the Linux kernel.
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* [Mutual exclusion](https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/sync-4.html) - this part describes - `mutex` in the Linux kernel.
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* [Reader/Writer semaphores](https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/sync-5.html) - this part describes special type of semaphores - `reader/writer` semaphores.
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* [Sequential locks](https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/sync-6.html) - this part describes sequential locks in the Linux kernel.
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* [Introduction to spinlocks](sync-1.md) - the first part of this chapter describes implementation of spinlock mechanism in the Linux kernel.
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* [Queued spinlocks](sync-2.md) - the second part describes another type of spinlocks - queued spinlocks.
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* [Semaphores](sync-3.md) - this part describes implementation of `semaphore` synchronization primitive in the Linux kernel.
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* [Mutual exclusion](sync-4.md) - this part describes - `mutex` in the Linux kernel.
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* [Reader/Writer semaphores](sync-5.md) - this part describes special type of semaphores - `reader/writer` semaphores.
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* [Sequential locks](sync-6.md) - this part describes sequential locks in the Linux kernel.
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This chapter describes the `system call` concept in the linux kernel.
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* [Introduction to system call concept](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SysCall/syscall-1.html) - this part is introduction to the `system call` concept in the Linux kernel.
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* [How the Linux kernel handles a system call](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SysCall/syscall-2.html) - this part describes how the Linux kernel handles a system call from an userspace application.
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* [vsyscall and vDSO](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SysCall/syscall-3.html) - third part describes `vsyscall` and `vDSO` concepts.
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* [How the Linux kernel runs a program](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SysCall/syscall-4.html) - this part describes startup process of a program.
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* [Introduction to system call concept](syscall-1.md) - this part is introduction to the `system call` concept in the Linux kernel.
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* [How the Linux kernel handles a system call](syscall-2.md) - this part describes how the Linux kernel handles a system call from an userspace application.
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* [vsyscall and vDSO](syscall-3.md) - third part describes `vsyscall` and `vDSO` concepts.
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* [How the Linux kernel runs a program](syscall-4.md) - this part describes startup process of a program.
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This chapter describes various theoretical concepts and concepts which are not directly related to practice but useful to know.
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* [Paging](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Theory/Paging.html)
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* [Elf64 format](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Theory/ELF.html)
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* [Inline assembly](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Theory/asm.html)
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* [Paging](Paging.md)
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* [Elf64 format](ELF.md)
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* [Inline assembly](asm.md)
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This chapter describes timers and time management related concepts in the linux kernel.
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* [Introduction](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Timers/timers-1.html) - An introduction to the timers in the Linux kernel.
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* [Introduction to the clocksource framework](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Timers/timers-2.md) - Describes `clocksource` framework in the Linux kernel.
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* [The tick broadcast framework and dyntick](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Timers/timers-3.md) - Describes tick broadcast framework and dyntick concept.
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* [Introduction to timers](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Timers/timers-3.md) - Describes timers in the Linux kernel.
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* [Introduction to the clockevents framework](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Timers/timers-5.md) - Describes yet another clock/time management related framework : `clockevents`.
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* [x86 related clock sources](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Timers/timers-5.md) - Describes `x86_64` related clock sources.
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* [Time related system calls in the Linux kernel](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Timers/timers-7.md) - Describes time related system calls.
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* [Introduction](timers-1.md) - An introduction to the timers in the Linux kernel.
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* [Introduction to the clocksource framework](timers-2.md) - Describes `clocksource` framework in the Linux kernel.
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* [The tick broadcast framework and dyntick](timers-3.md) - Describes tick broadcast framework and dyntick concept.
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* [Introduction to timers](timers-4.md) - Describes timers in the Linux kernel.
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* [Introduction to the clockevents framework](timers-5.md) - Describes yet another clock/time management related framework : `clockevents`.
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* [x86 related clock sources](timers-6.md) - Describes `x86_64` related clock sources.
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* [Time related system calls in the Linux kernel](timers-7.md) - Describes time related system calls.
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In the following posts, we will cover interrupts and exceptions handling in the linux kernel.
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* [Interrupts and Interrupt Handling. Part 1.](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-1.md) - describes interrupts and interrupt handling theory.
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* [Interrupts in the Linux Kernel](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-2.md) - describes stuffs related to interrupts and exceptions handling from the early stage.
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* [Early interrupt handlers](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-3.md) - describes early interrupt handlers.
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* [Interrupt handlers](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-4.md) - describes first non-early interrupt handlers.
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* [Implementation of exception handlers](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-5.md) - describes implementation of some exception handlers such as double fault, divide by zero etc.
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* [Handling non-maskable interrupts](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-6.md) - describes handling of non-maskable interrupts and remaining interrupt handlers from the architecture-specific part.
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* [External hardware interrupts](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-7.md) - describes early initialization of code which is related to handling external hardware interrupts.
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* [Non-early initialization of the IRQs](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-8.md) - describes non-early initialization of code which is related to handling external hardware interrupts.
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* [Softirq, Tasklets and Workqueues](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-9.md) - describes softirqs, tasklets and workqueues concepts.
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* [](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/interrupts/interrupts-10.md) - this is the last part of the `Interrupts and Interrupt Handling` chapter and here we will see a real hardware driver and some interrupts related stuff.
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* [Interrupts and Interrupt Handling. Part 1.](interrupts-1.md) - describes interrupts and interrupt handling theory.
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* [Interrupts in the Linux Kernel](interrupts-2.md) - describes stuffs related to interrupts and exceptions handling from the early stage.
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* [Early interrupt handlers](interrupts-3.md) - describes early interrupt handlers.
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* [Interrupt handlers](interrupts-4.md) - describes first non-early interrupt handlers.
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* [Implementation of exception handlers](interrupts-5.md) - describes implementation of some exception handlers such as double fault, divide by zero etc.
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* [Handling non-maskable interrupts](interrupts-6.md) - describes handling of non-maskable interrupts and remaining interrupt handlers from the architecture-specific part.
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* [External hardware interrupts](interrupts-7.md) - describes early initialization of code which is related to handling external hardware interrupts.
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* [Non-early initialization of the IRQs](interrupts-8.md) - describes non-early initialization of code which is related to handling external hardware interrupts.
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* [Softirq, Tasklets and Workqueues](interrupts-9.md) - describes softirqs, tasklets and workqueues concepts.
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* [Last part](interrupts-10.md) - this is the last part of the `Interrupts and Interrupt Handling` chapter and here we will see a real hardware driver and some interrupts related stuff.
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This chapter describes memory management in the linux kernel. You will see here a
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couple of posts which describe different parts of the linux memory management framework:
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* [Memblock](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/mm/linux-mm-1.md) - describes early `memblock` allocator.
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* [Fix-Mapped Addresses and ioremap](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/mm/linux-mm-2.md) - describes `fix-mapped` addresses and early `ioremap`.
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* [kmemcheck](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/mm/linux-mm-3.md) - third part describes `kmemcheck` tool.
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* [Memblock](linux-mm-1.md) - describes early `memblock` allocator.
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* [Fix-Mapped Addresses and ioremap](linux-mm-2.md) - describes `fix-mapped` addresses and early `ioremap`.
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* [kmemcheck](linux-mm-3.md) - third part describes `kmemcheck` tool.
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