kube-bench

The Kubernetes Bench for Security is a Go application that checks whether Kubernetes is deployed securely by running the checks documented in the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark.

Tests are configured with YAML files, making this tool easy to update as test specifications evolve.

CIS Kubernetes Benchmark support

kube-bench supports the tests for multiple versions of Kubernetes (1.6, 1.7 and 1.8) as defined in the CIS Benchmarks 1.0.0, 1.1.0 and 1.2.0 respectively. It will determine the test set to run based on the Kubernetes version running on the machine.

Installation

You can either install kube-bench through a dedicated container, or compile it from source:

1. Container installation: Run docker run --rm -v `pwd`:/host aquasec/kube-bench:latest. This will copy the kube-bench binary and configuration to you host. You can then run ./kube-bench <master|node>.

2. Install from sources: If Go is installed on the target machines, you can simply clone this repository and run as follows (assuming your $GOPATH is set):

go get github.com/Masterminds/glide
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/aquasecurity/kube-bench
$GOPATH/bin/glide install
go build -o kube-bench . 
./kube-bench <master|node>

Usage

./kube-bench [command]

Available Commands:
  federated   Run benchmark checks for a Kubernetes federated deployment.
  help        Help about any command
  master      Run benchmark checks for a Kubernetes master node.
  node        Run benchmark checks for a Kubernetes node.

Flags:
  -c, --check string          A comma-delimited list of checks to run as specified in CIS document. Example --check="1.1.1,1.1.2"
      --config string         config file (default is ./cfg/config.yaml)
  -g, --group string          Run all the checks under this comma-delimited list of groups. Example --group="1.1"
      --installation string   Specify how kubernetes cluster was installed. Possible values are default,hyperkube,kops,kubeadm (default "default")
      --json                  Prints the results as JSON
  -v, --verbose               verbose output (default false)

Configuration

Kubernetes config and binary file locations and names can vary from installation to installation, so these are configurable in the cfg/config.yaml file.

For each type of node (master, node or federated) there is a list of components, and for each component there is a set of binaries (bins) and config files (confs) that kube-bench will look for (in the order they are listed). If your installation uses a different binary name or config file location for a Kubernetes component, you can add it to cfg/config.yaml.

• bins - If there is a bins list for a component, at least one of these binaries must be running. The tests will consider the parameters for the first binary in the list found to be running.
• podspecs - From version 1.2.0 of the benchmark (tests for Kubernetes 1.8), the remediation instructions were updated to assume that the configuration for several kubernetes components is defined in a pod YAML file, and podspec settings define where to look for that configuration.
• confs - If one of the listed config files is found, this will be considered for the test. Tests can continue even if no config file is found. If no file is found at any of the listed locations, and a defaultconf location is given for the component, the test will give remediation advice using the defaultconf location.
• unitfiles - From version 1.2.0 of the benchmark (tests for Kubernetes 1.8), the remediation instructions were updated to assume that kubelet configuration is defined in a service file, and this setting defines where to look for that configuration.

Test config YAML representation

The tests are represented as YAML documents (installed by default into ./cfg).

An example is as listed below:

---
controls:
id: 1
text: "Master Checks"
type: "master"
groups:
- id: 1.1
  text: "Kube-apiserver"
  checks:
    - id: 1.1.1
      text: "Ensure that the --allow-privileged argument is set (Scored)"
      audit: "ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grep"
      tests:
      bin_op: or
      test_items:
      - flag: "--allow-privileged"
        set: true
      - flag: "--some-other-flag"
        set: false
      remediation: "Edit the /etc/kubernetes/config file on the master node and set the KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV parameter to '--allow-privileged=false'"
      scored: true

Recommendations (called checks in this document) can run on Kubernetes Master, Node or Federated API Servers. Checks are organized into groups which share similar controls (things to check for) and are grouped together in the section of the CIS Kubernetes document. These groups are further organized under controls which can be of the type master, node or federated apiserver to reflect the various Kubernetes node types.

Tests

Tests are the items we actually look for to determine if a check is successful or not. Checks can have multiple tests, which must all be successful for the check to pass.

The syntax for tests:

tests:
- flag:
  set:
  compare:
    op:
    value:
...

Tests have various operations which are used to compare the output of audit commands for success. These operations are:

• eq: tests if the flag value is equal to the compared value.
• noteq: tests if the flag value is unequal to the compared value.
• gt: tests if the flag value is greater than the compared value.
• gte: tests if the flag value is greater than or equal to the compared value.
• lt: tests if the flag value is less than the compared value.
• lte: tests if the flag value is less than or equal to the compared value.
• has: tests if the flag value contains the compared value.
• nothave: tests if the flag value does not contain the compared value.

Roadmap

Going forward we plan to release updates to kube-bench to add support for new releases of the Benchmark, which in turn we can anticipate being made for each new Kubernetes release.

We welcome PRs and issue reports.