# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Copyright (C) 2014 GNS3 Technologies Inc. # # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . """ QEMU VM instance. """ import sys import os import shutil import random import subprocess import shlex import ntpath import telnetlib import time import re import asyncio from gns3server.config import Config from .qemu_error import QemuError from ..adapters.ethernet_adapter import EthernetAdapter from ..nios.nio_udp import NIO_UDP from ..base_vm import BaseVM from ...utils.asyncio import subprocess_check_output from ...schemas.qemu import QEMU_OBJECT_SCHEMA import logging log = logging.getLogger(__name__) class QemuVM(BaseVM): module_name = 'qemu' """ QEMU VM implementation. :param name: name of this Qemu vm :param vm_id: IOU instance identifier :param project: Project instance :param manager: parent VM Manager :param console: TCP console port :param qemu_path: path to the QEMU binary :param host: host/address to bind for console and UDP connections :param qemu_id: QEMU VM instance ID :param console: TCP console port :param console_host: IP address to bind for console connections :param monitor: TCP monitor port :param monitor_host: IP address to bind for monitor connections """ def __init__(self, name, vm_id, project, manager, qemu_path=None, host="127.0.0.1", console=None, console_host="0.0.0.0", monitor=None, monitor_host="0.0.0.0"): super().__init__(name, vm_id, project, manager, console=console) self._host = host self._console_host = console_host self._command = [] self._started = False self._process = None self._cpulimit_process = None self._stdout_file = "" self._monitor_host = monitor_host # QEMU settings self.qemu_path = qemu_path self._hda_disk_image = "" self._hdb_disk_image = "" self._options = "" self._ram = 256 self._monitor = monitor self._ethernet_adapters = [] self._adapter_type = "e1000" self._initrd = "" self._kernel_image = "" self._kernel_command_line = "" self._legacy_networking = False self._cpu_throttling = 0 # means no CPU throttling self._process_priority = "low" if self._monitor is not None: self._monitor = self._manager.port_manager.reserve_console_port(self._monitor) else: self._monitor = self._manager.port_manager.get_free_console_port() self.adapters = 1 # creates 1 adapter by default log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has been created".format(name=self._name, id=self._id)) @property def monitor(self): """ Returns the TCP monitor port. :returns: monitor port (integer) """ return self._monitor @monitor.setter def monitor(self, monitor): """ Sets the TCP monitor port. :param monitor: monitor port (integer) """ if monitor == self._monitor: return if self._monitor: self._manager.port_manager.release_monitor_port(self._monitor) self._monitor = self._manager.port_manager.reserve_monitor_port(monitor) log.info("{module}: '{name}' [{id}]: monitor port set to {port}".format( module=self.manager.module_name, name=self.name, id=self.id, port=monitor)) def delete(self): """ Deletes this QEMU VM. """ self.stop() if self._id in self._instances: self._instances.remove(self._id) if self._console and self._console in self._allocated_console_ports: self._allocated_console_ports.remove(self._console) if self._monitor and self._monitor in self._allocated_monitor_ports: self._allocated_monitor_ports.remove(self._monitor) log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has been deleted".format(name=self._name, id=self._id)) @property def qemu_path(self): """ Returns the QEMU binary path for this QEMU VM. :returns: QEMU path """ return self._qemu_path @qemu_path.setter def qemu_path(self, qemu_path): """ Sets the QEMU binary path this QEMU VM. :param qemu_path: QEMU path """ if qemu_path and os.pathsep not in qemu_path: qemu_path = shutil.which(qemu_path) if qemu_path is None: raise QemuError("QEMU binary path is not set or not found in the path") if not os.path.exists(qemu_path): raise QemuError("QEMU binary '{}' is not accessible".format(qemu_path)) if not os.access(qemu_path, os.X_OK): raise QemuError("QEMU binary '{}' is not executable".format(qemu_path)) self._qemu_path = qemu_path log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the QEMU path to {qemu_path}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, qemu_path=qemu_path)) @property def hda_disk_image(self): """ Returns the hda disk image path for this QEMU VM. :returns: QEMU hda disk image path """ return self._hda_disk_image @hda_disk_image.setter def hda_disk_image(self, hda_disk_image): """ Sets the hda disk image for this QEMU VM. :param hda_disk_image: QEMU hda disk image path """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the QEMU hda disk image path to {disk_image}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, disk_image=hda_disk_image)) self._hda_disk_image = hda_disk_image @property def hdb_disk_image(self): """ Returns the hdb disk image path for this QEMU VM. :returns: QEMU hdb disk image path """ return self._hdb_disk_image @hdb_disk_image.setter def hdb_disk_image(self, hdb_disk_image): """ Sets the hdb disk image for this QEMU VM. :param hdb_disk_image: QEMU hdb disk image path """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the QEMU hdb disk image path to {disk_image}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, disk_image=hdb_disk_image)) self._hdb_disk_image = hdb_disk_image @property def adapters(self): """ Returns the number of Ethernet adapters for this QEMU VM instance. :returns: number of adapters """ return len(self._ethernet_adapters) @adapters.setter def adapters(self, adapters): """ Sets the number of Ethernet adapters for this QEMU VM instance. :param adapters: number of adapters """ self._ethernet_adapters.clear() for adapter_id in range(0, adapters): self._ethernet_adapters.append(EthernetAdapter()) log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}]: number of Ethernet adapters changed to {adapters}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, adapters=adapters)) @property def adapter_type(self): """ Returns the adapter type for this QEMU VM instance. :returns: adapter type (string) """ return self._adapter_type @adapter_type.setter def adapter_type(self, adapter_type): """ Sets the adapter type for this QEMU VM instance. :param adapter_type: adapter type (string) """ self._adapter_type = adapter_type log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}]: adapter type changed to {adapter_type}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, adapter_type=adapter_type)) @property def legacy_networking(self): """ Returns either QEMU legacy networking commands are used. :returns: boolean """ return self._legacy_networking @legacy_networking.setter def legacy_networking(self, legacy_networking): """ Sets either QEMU legacy networking commands are used. :param legacy_networking: boolean """ if legacy_networking: log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has enabled legacy networking".format(name=self._name, id=self._id)) else: log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has disabled legacy networking".format(name=self._name, id=self._id)) self._legacy_networking = legacy_networking @property def cpu_throttling(self): """ Returns the percentage of CPU allowed. :returns: integer """ return self._cpu_throttling @cpu_throttling.setter def cpu_throttling(self, cpu_throttling): """ Sets the percentage of CPU allowed. :param cpu_throttling: integer """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the percentage of CPU allowed to {cpu}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, cpu=cpu_throttling)) self._cpu_throttling = cpu_throttling self._stop_cpulimit() if cpu_throttling: self._set_cpu_throttling() @property def process_priority(self): """ Returns the process priority. :returns: string """ return self._process_priority @process_priority.setter def process_priority(self, process_priority): """ Sets the process priority. :param process_priority: string """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the process priority to {priority}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, priority=process_priority)) self._process_priority = process_priority @property def ram(self): """ Returns the RAM amount for this QEMU VM. :returns: RAM amount in MB """ return self._ram @ram.setter def ram(self, ram): """ Sets the amount of RAM for this QEMU VM. :param ram: RAM amount in MB """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the RAM to {ram}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, ram=ram)) self._ram = ram @property def options(self): """ Returns the options for this QEMU VM. :returns: QEMU options """ return self._options @options.setter def options(self, options): """ Sets the options for this QEMU VM. :param options: QEMU options """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the QEMU options to {options}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, options=options)) self._options = options @property def initrd(self): """ Returns the initrd path for this QEMU VM. :returns: QEMU initrd path """ return self._initrd @initrd.setter def initrd(self, initrd): """ Sets the initrd path for this QEMU VM. :param initrd: QEMU initrd path """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the QEMU initrd path to {initrd}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, initrd=initrd)) self._initrd = initrd @property def kernel_image(self): """ Returns the kernel image path for this QEMU VM. :returns: QEMU kernel image path """ return self._kernel_image @kernel_image.setter def kernel_image(self, kernel_image): """ Sets the kernel image path for this QEMU VM. :param kernel_image: QEMU kernel image path """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the QEMU kernel image path to {kernel_image}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, kernel_image=kernel_image)) self._kernel_image = kernel_image @property def kernel_command_line(self): """ Returns the kernel command line for this QEMU VM. :returns: QEMU kernel command line """ return self._kernel_command_line @kernel_command_line.setter def kernel_command_line(self, kernel_command_line): """ Sets the kernel command line for this QEMU VM. :param kernel_command_line: QEMU kernel command line """ log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}] has set the QEMU kernel command line to {kernel_command_line}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, kernel_command_line=kernel_command_line)) self._kernel_command_line = kernel_command_line @asyncio.coroutine def _set_process_priority(self): """ Changes the process priority """ if sys.platform.startswith("win"): try: import win32api import win32con import win32process except ImportError: log.error("pywin32 must be installed to change the priority class for QEMU VM {}".format(self._name)) else: log.info("setting QEMU VM {} priority class to BELOW_NORMAL".format(self._name)) handle = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, 0, self._process.pid) if self._process_priority == "realtime": priority = win32process.REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS elif self._process_priority == "very high": priority = win32process.HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS elif self._process_priority == "high": priority = win32process.ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS elif self._process_priority == "low": priority = win32process.BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS elif self._process_priority == "very low": priority = win32process.IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS else: priority = win32process.NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS win32process.SetPriorityClass(handle, priority) else: if self._process_priority == "realtime": priority = -20 elif self._process_priority == "very high": priority = -15 elif self._process_priority == "high": priority = -5 elif self._process_priority == "low": priority = 5 elif self._process_priority == "very low": priority = 19 else: priority = 0 try: process = yield from asyncio.create_subprocess_exec('renice', '-n', str(priority), '-p', str(self._process.pid)) yield from process.wait() except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as e: log.error("could not change process priority for QEMU VM {}: {}".format(self._name, e)) def _stop_cpulimit(self): """ Stops the cpulimit process. """ if self._cpulimit_process and self._cpulimit_process.poll() is None: self._cpulimit_process.kill() try: self._process.wait(3) except subprocess.TimeoutExpired: log.error("could not kill cpulimit process {}".format(self._cpulimit_process.pid)) def _set_cpu_throttling(self): """ Limits the CPU usage for current QEMU process. """ if not self.is_running(): return try: if sys.platform.startswith("win") and hasattr(sys, "frozen"): cpulimit_exec = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.executable)), "cpulimit", "cpulimit.exe") else: cpulimit_exec = "cpulimit" subprocess.Popen([cpulimit_exec, "--lazy", "--pid={}".format(self._process.pid), "--limit={}".format(self._cpu_throttling)], cwd=self.working_dir) log.info("CPU throttled to {}%".format(self._cpu_throttling)) except FileNotFoundError: raise QemuError("cpulimit could not be found, please install it or deactivate CPU throttling") except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as e: raise QemuError("Could not throttle CPU: {}".format(e)) @asyncio.coroutine def start(self): """ Starts this QEMU VM. """ if self.is_running(): # resume the VM if it is paused self.resume() return else: self._command = yield from self._build_command() try: log.info("starting QEMU: {}".format(self._command)) self._stdout_file = os.path.join(self.working_dir, "qemu.log") log.info("logging to {}".format(self._stdout_file)) with open(self._stdout_file, "w") as fd: self._process = yield from asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*self._command, stdout=fd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, cwd=self.working_dir) log.info("QEMU VM instance {} started PID={}".format(self._id, self._process.pid)) self._started = True except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as e: stdout = self.read_stdout() log.error("could not start QEMU {}: {}\n{}".format(self.qemu_path, e, stdout)) raise QemuError("could not start QEMU {}: {}\n{}".format(self.qemu_path, e, stdout)) self._set_process_priority() if self._cpu_throttling: self._set_cpu_throttling() @asyncio.coroutine def stop(self): """ Stops this QEMU VM. """ # stop the QEMU process if self.is_running(): log.info("stopping QEMU VM instance {} PID={}".format(self._id, self._process.pid)) try: self._process.terminate() self._process.wait() except subprocess.TimeoutExpired: self._process.kill() if self._process.poll() is None: log.warn("QEMU VM instance {} PID={} is still running".format(self._id, self._process.pid)) self._process = None self._started = False self._stop_cpulimit() @asyncio.coroutine def _control_vm(self, command, expected=None, timeout=30): """ Executes a command with QEMU monitor when this VM is running. :param command: QEMU monitor command (e.g. info status, stop etc.) :params expected: An array with the string attended (Default None) :param timeout: how long to wait for QEMU monitor :returns: result of the command (Match object or None) """ result = None if self.is_running() and self._monitor: log.debug("Execute QEMU monitor command: {}".format(command)) try: tn = telnetlib.Telnet(self._monitor_host, self._monitor, timeout=timeout) except OSError as e: log.warn("Could not connect to QEMU monitor: {}".format(e)) return result try: tn.write(command.encode('ascii') + b"\n") time.sleep(0.1) except OSError as e: log.warn("Could not write to QEMU monitor: {}".format(e)) tn.close() return result if expected: try: ind, match, dat = tn.expect(list=expected, timeout=timeout) if match: result = match except EOFError as e: log.warn("Could not read from QEMU monitor: {}".format(e)) tn.close() return result @asyncio.coroutine def close(self): yield from self.stop() if self._console: self._manager.port_manager.release_console_port(self._console) self._console = None if self._monitor: self._manager.port_manager.release_console_port(self._monitor) self._monitor = None @asyncio.coroutine def _get_vm_status(self): """ Returns this VM suspend status (running|paused) :returns: status (string) """ result = None match = yield from self._control_vm("info status", [b"running", b"paused"]) if match: result = match.group(0).decode('ascii') return result @asyncio.coroutine def suspend(self): """ Suspends this QEMU VM. """ vm_status = yield from self._get_vm_status() if vm_status == "running": yield from self._control_vm("stop") log.debug("QEMU VM has been suspended") else: log.info("QEMU VM is not running to be suspended, current status is {}".format(vm_status)) @asyncio.coroutine def reload(self): """ Reloads this QEMU VM. """ yield from self._control_vm("system_reset") log.debug("QEMU VM has been reset") @asyncio.coroutine def resume(self): """ Resumes this QEMU VM. """ vm_status = yield from self._get_vm_status() if vm_status == "paused": yield from self._control_vm("cont") log.debug("QEMU VM has been resumed") else: log.info("QEMU VM is not paused to be resumed, current status is {}".format(vm_status)) @asyncio.coroutine def adapter_add_nio_binding(self, adapter_id, port_id, nio): """ Adds a port NIO binding. :param adapter_id: adapter ID :param port_id: port ID :param nio: NIO instance to add to the slot/port """ try: adapter = self._ethernet_adapters[adapter_id] except IndexError: raise QemuError("Adapter {adapter_id} doesn't exist on QEMU VM {name}".format(name=self._name, adapter_id=adapter_id)) if self.is_running(): # dynamically configure an UDP tunnel on the QEMU VM adapter if nio and isinstance(nio, NIO_UDP): if self._legacy_networking: yield from self._control_vm("host_net_remove {} gns3-{}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id)) yield from self._control_vm("host_net_add udp vlan={},name=gns3-{},sport={},dport={},daddr={}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id, nio.lport, nio.rport, nio.rhost)) else: yield from self._control_vm("host_net_remove {} gns3-{}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id)) yield from self._control_vm("host_net_add socket vlan={},name=gns3-{},udp={}:{},localaddr={}:{}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id, nio.rhost, nio.rport, self._host, nio.lport)) adapter.add_nio(0, nio) log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}]: {nio} added to adapter {adapter_id}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, nio=nio, adapter_id=adapter_id)) @asyncio.coroutine def adapter_remove_nio_binding(self, adapter_id, port_id): """ Removes a port NIO binding. :param adapter_id: adapter ID :param port_id: port ID :returns: NIO instance """ try: adapter = self._ethernet_adapters[adapter_id] except IndexError: raise QemuError("Adapter {adapter_id} doesn't exist on QEMU VM {name}".format(name=self._name, adapter_id=adapter_id)) if self.is_running(): # dynamically disable the QEMU VM adapter yield from self._control_vm("host_net_remove {} gns3-{}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id)) yield from self._control_vm("host_net_add user vlan={},name=gns3-{}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id)) nio = adapter.get_nio(0) adapter.remove_nio(0) log.info("QEMU VM {name} [id={id}]: {nio} removed from adapter {adapter_id}".format(name=self._name, id=self._id, nio=nio, adapter_id=adapter_id)) return nio @property def started(self): """ Returns either this QEMU VM has been started or not. :returns: boolean """ return self._started def read_stdout(self): """ Reads the standard output of the QEMU process. Only use when the process has been stopped or has crashed. """ output = "" if self._stdout_file: try: with open(self._stdout_file, errors="replace") as file: output = file.read() except OSError as e: log.warn("could not read {}: {}".format(self._stdout_file, e)) return output def is_running(self): """ Checks if the QEMU process is running :returns: True or False """ if self._process: return True return False def command(self): """ Returns the QEMU command line. :returns: QEMU command line (string) """ return " ".join(self._build_command()) def _serial_options(self): if self._console: return ["-serial", "telnet:{}:{},server,nowait".format(self._console_host, self._console)] else: return [] def _monitor_options(self): if self._monitor: return ["-monitor", "telnet:{}:{},server,nowait".format(self._monitor_host, self._monitor)] else: return [] @asyncio.coroutine def _disk_options(self): options = [] qemu_img_path = "" qemu_path_dir = os.path.dirname(self.qemu_path) try: for f in os.listdir(qemu_path_dir): if f.startswith("qemu-img"): qemu_img_path = os.path.join(qemu_path_dir, f) except OSError as e: raise QemuError("Error while looking for qemu-img in {}: {}".format(qemu_path_dir, e)) if not qemu_img_path: raise QemuError("Could not find qemu-img in {}".format(qemu_path_dir)) try: if self._hda_disk_image: if not os.path.isfile(self._hda_disk_image) or not os.path.exists(self._hda_disk_image): if os.path.islink(self._hda_disk_image): raise QemuError("hda disk image '{}' linked to '{}' is not accessible".format(self._hda_disk_image, os.path.realpath(self._hda_disk_image))) else: raise QemuError("hda disk image '{}' is not accessible".format(self._hda_disk_image)) hda_disk = os.path.join(self.working_dir, "hda_disk.qcow2") if not os.path.exists(hda_disk): process = yield from asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(qemu_img_path, "create", "-o", "backing_file={}".format(self._hda_disk_image), "-f", "qcow2", hda_disk) retcode = yield from process.wait() log.info("{} returned with {}".format(qemu_img_path, retcode)) else: # create a "FLASH" with 256MB if no disk image has been specified hda_disk = os.path.join(self.working_dir, "flash.qcow2") if not os.path.exists(hda_disk): process = yield from asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(qemu_img_path, "create", "-f", "qcow2", hda_disk, "128M") retcode = yield from process.wait() log.info("{} returned with {}".format(qemu_img_path, retcode)) except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as e: raise QemuError("Could not create disk image {}".format(e)) options.extend(["-hda", hda_disk]) if self._hdb_disk_image: if not os.path.isfile(self._hdb_disk_image) or not os.path.exists(self._hdb_disk_image): if os.path.islink(self._hdb_disk_image): raise QemuError("hdb disk image '{}' linked to '{}' is not accessible".format(self._hdb_disk_image, os.path.realpath(self._hdb_disk_image))) else: raise QemuError("hdb disk image '{}' is not accessible".format(self._hdb_disk_image)) hdb_disk = os.path.join(self.working_dir, "hdb_disk.qcow2") if not os.path.exists(hdb_disk): try: process = yield from asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(qemu_img_path, "create", "-o", "backing_file={}".format(self._hdb_disk_image), "-f", "qcow2", hdb_disk) retcode = yield from process.wait() log.info("{} returned with {}".format(qemu_img_path, retcode)) except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as e: raise QemuError("Could not create disk image {}".format(e)) options.extend(["-hdb", hdb_disk]) return options def _linux_boot_options(self): options = [] if self._initrd: if not os.path.isfile(self._initrd) or not os.path.exists(self._initrd): if os.path.islink(self._initrd): raise QemuError("initrd file '{}' linked to '{}' is not accessible".format(self._initrd, os.path.realpath(self._initrd))) else: raise QemuError("initrd file '{}' is not accessible".format(self._initrd)) options.extend(["-initrd", self._initrd]) if self._kernel_image: if not os.path.isfile(self._kernel_image) or not os.path.exists(self._kernel_image): if os.path.islink(self._kernel_image): raise QemuError("kernel image '{}' linked to '{}' is not accessible".format(self._kernel_image, os.path.realpath(self._kernel_image))) else: raise QemuError("kernel image '{}' is not accessible".format(self._kernel_image)) options.extend(["-kernel", self._kernel_image]) if self._kernel_command_line: options.extend(["-append", self._kernel_command_line]) return options def _network_options(self): network_options = [] adapter_id = 0 for adapter in self._ethernet_adapters: # TODO: let users specify a base mac address mac = "00:00:ab:%02x:%02x:%02d" % (random.randint(0x00, 0xff), random.randint(0x00, 0xff), adapter_id) network_options.extend(["-net", "nic,vlan={},macaddr={},model={}".format(adapter_id, mac, self._adapter_type)]) nio = adapter.get_nio(0) if nio and isinstance(nio, NIO_UDP): if self._legacy_networking: network_options.extend(["-net", "udp,vlan={},name=gns3-{},sport={},dport={},daddr={}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id, nio.lport, nio.rport, nio.rhost)]) else: network_options.extend(["-net", "socket,vlan={},name=gns3-{},udp={}:{},localaddr={}:{}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id, nio.rhost, nio.rport, self._host, nio.lport)]) else: network_options.extend(["-net", "user,vlan={},name=gns3-{}".format(adapter_id, adapter_id)]) adapter_id += 1 return network_options @asyncio.coroutine def _build_command(self): """ Command to start the QEMU process. (to be passed to subprocess.Popen()) """ command = [self.qemu_path] command.extend(["-name", self._name]) command.extend(["-m", str(self._ram)]) disk_options = yield from self._disk_options() command.extend(disk_options) command.extend(self._linux_boot_options()) command.extend(self._serial_options()) command.extend(self._monitor_options()) additional_options = self._options.strip() if additional_options: command.extend(shlex.split(additional_options)) command.extend(self._network_options()) return command def __json__(self): answer = { "project_id": self.project.id, "vm_id": self.id } # Qemu has a long list of options. The JSON schema is the single source of informations for field in QEMU_OBJECT_SCHEMA["required"]: if field not in answer: answer[field] = getattr(self, field) return answer