diff --git a/ch09.asciidoc b/ch09.asciidoc
index 971c7eb3..06ed2b8c 100644
--- a/ch09.asciidoc
+++ b/ch09.asciidoc
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [[ch9]]
 == Alternative Chains, Currencies, and Applications
 
-Bitcoin was the result of twenty years of research in distributed systems and currencies and brought a revolutionary new technology into the space: the de-centralized consensus mechanism based on Proof-Of-Work. This invention at the heart of bitcoin has ushered a wave of innovation in currencies, financial services, economics, distributed systems, voting systems, corporate governance, and contracts. 
+Bitcoin was the result of twenty years of research in distributed systems and currencies and brought a revolutionary new technology into the space: the decentralized consensus mechanism based on Proof-Of-Work. This invention at the heart of bitcoin has ushered a wave of innovation in currencies, financial services, economics, distributed systems, voting systems, corporate governance, and contracts. 
 
 In this chapter we'll examine the many offshoots of the bitcoin and blockchain inventions: the alternative chains, currencies, and applications built since the introduction of this technology in 2009. Mostly, we will look at _alt-coins_, which are digital currencies implemented using the same design pattern as bitcoin, but with a completely separate blockchain and network.