diff --git a/appa_whitepaper.adoc b/appa_whitepaper.adoc
index ee34a976..f6a7d504 100644
--- a/appa_whitepaper.adoc
+++ b/appa_whitepaper.adoc
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ q~z~ = probability the attacker will ever catch up from z blocks behind
           </mtd>
           <mtd>
             <mrow>
-              <mtext>if</mtext>
+              <mtext>_if_</mtext>
               <mspace width="0.2778em"></mspace>
               <mi>p</mi>
               <mo>≤</mo>
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ q~z~ = probability the attacker will ever catch up from z blocks behind
           </mtd>
           <mtd>
             <mrow>
-              <mtext>if</mtext>
+              <mtext>_if_</mtext>
               <mspace width="0.2778em"></mspace>
               <mi>p</mi>
               <mo>&gt;</mo>
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ To get the probability the attacker could still catch up now, we multiply the Po
           </mtd>
           <mtd>
             <mrow>
-              <mtext>if</mtext>
+              <mtext>_if_</mtext>
               <mspace width="0.2778em"></mspace>
               <mi>k</mi>
               <mo>≤</mo>
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ To get the probability the attacker could still catch up now, we multiply the Po
           </mtd>
           <mtd>
             <mrow>
-              <mtext>if</mtext>
+              <mtext>_if_</mtext>
               <mspace width="0.2778em"></mspace>
               <mi>k</mi>
               <mo>&gt;</mo>