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@ -881,15 +881,19 @@ was simply that the input script needed to provide an appropriate
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signature. In <<addresses_for_p2pkh>>, an appropriate public key also needed to be
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signature. In <<addresses_for_p2pkh>>, an appropriate public key also needed to be
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provided.
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provided.
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++++
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<p class="fix_tracking">
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For a spender (like Alice) to place the constraints Bob wants
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For a spender (like Alice) to place the constraints Bob wants
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in the output script she uses to pay him, Bob needs to communicate those
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in the output script she uses to pay him, Bob needs to communicate those
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constraints to her. This is similar to the problem of Bob needing to
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constraints to her. This is similar to the problem of Bob needing to
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communicate his public key to her. Like that problem, where
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communicate his public key to her. Like that problem, where
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public keys can be fairly large, the constraints Bob uses can also be
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public keys can be fairly large, the constraints Bob uses can also be
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quite large--potentially thousands of bytes. That's not only thousands
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quite large—potentially thousands of bytes. That's not only thousands
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of bytes that need to be communicated to Alice, but thousands of bytes
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of bytes that need to be communicated to Alice, but thousands of bytes
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for which she needs to pay transaction fees every time she wants to spend money to Bob. However, the solution of using hash functions to create
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for which she needs to pay transaction fees every time she wants to spend money to Bob. However, the solution of using hash functions to create
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small commitments to large amounts of data also applies here.
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small commitments to large amounts of data also applies here.
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</p>
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++++
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The BIP16 upgrade to the Bitcoin protocol in 2012 allows an
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The BIP16 upgrade to the Bitcoin protocol in 2012 allows an
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output script to ((("redeem scripts", id="redeem-script")))commit to a _redemption script_ (_redeem script_). When
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output script to ((("redeem scripts", id="redeem-script")))commit to a _redemption script_ (_redeem script_). When
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@ -439,10 +439,7 @@ An extended comment in Bitcoin Core's source code, reproduced here with slight r
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significant problem in the design of Bitcoin's duplication of odd
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significant problem in the design of Bitcoin's duplication of odd
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elements in its merkle tree:
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elements in its merkle tree:
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++++
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<p data-type="attribution">Bitcoin Core <em>src/consensus/merkle.cpp</em></p>
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++++
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[quote,Bitcoin Core src/consensus/merkle.cpp]
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____
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____
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WARNING! If you're reading this because you're learning about crypto
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WARNING! If you're reading this because you're learning about crypto
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and/or designing a new system that will use merkle trees, keep in mind
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and/or designing a new system that will use merkle trees, keep in mind
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@ -475,6 +472,10 @@ together, and treating that identically to the block having an invalid
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merkle root. Assuming no double-SHA256 collisions, this will detect all
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merkle root. Assuming no double-SHA256 collisions, this will detect all
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known ways of changing the transactions without affecting the merkle
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known ways of changing the transactions without affecting the merkle
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root.
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root.
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++++
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<p data-type="attribution">Bitcoin Core <em>src/consensus/merkle.cpp</em></p>
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++++
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____
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____
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****
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****
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@ -940,12 +940,6 @@ slower than expected, the difficulty decreases (target increases).
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The equation can be summarized as:
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The equation can be summarized as:
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[latexmath]
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++++
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\begin{equation}
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New\:Target = Old\:Target \times (20,160 minutes / Actual Time of Last 2015 Blocks)
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\end{equation}
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++++
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----
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----
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New Target = Old Target * (20,160 minutes / Actual Time of Last 2015 Blocks)
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New Target = Old Target * (20,160 minutes / Actual Time of Last 2015 Blocks)
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----
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----
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@ -1981,6 +1975,7 @@ After the activation of BIP65, the signaling and activation mechanism
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of BIP34 was retired and replaced with ((("consensus rules", "soft forks", "BIP34 signaling/activation", tertiary-sortas="BIP034", startref="consensus-soft-bip34")))((("forks", "soft forks", "BIP34 signaling/activation", tertiary-sortas="BIP034", startref="fork-soft-bip34")))((("soft forks", "BIP34 signaling/activation", secondary-sortas="BIP034", startref="soft-fork-bip34")))((("signaling", "BIP34", secondary-sortas="BIP034", startref="signal-bip34")))((("activation (soft forks)", "BIP34", secondary-sortas="BIP034", startref="activation-bip34")))((("BIP34 signaling/activation", primary-sortas="BIP034", startref="bip34")))the BIP9 signaling mechanism
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of BIP34 was retired and replaced with ((("consensus rules", "soft forks", "BIP34 signaling/activation", tertiary-sortas="BIP034", startref="consensus-soft-bip34")))((("forks", "soft forks", "BIP34 signaling/activation", tertiary-sortas="BIP034", startref="fork-soft-bip34")))((("soft forks", "BIP34 signaling/activation", secondary-sortas="BIP034", startref="soft-fork-bip34")))((("signaling", "BIP34", secondary-sortas="BIP034", startref="signal-bip34")))((("activation (soft forks)", "BIP34", secondary-sortas="BIP034", startref="activation-bip34")))((("BIP34 signaling/activation", primary-sortas="BIP034", startref="bip34")))the BIP9 signaling mechanism
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described next.
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described next.
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[role="less_space pagebreak-before"]
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[[bip9]]
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[[bip9]]
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===== BIP9: Signaling and activation
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===== BIP9: Signaling and activation
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@ -2160,7 +2155,7 @@ activated about six months later. To proponents of speedy trial, it was
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a clear success. Others were still disappointed that BIP8 wasn't used.
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a clear success. Others were still disappointed that BIP8 wasn't used.
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It's not clear whether or not speedy trial will be used again for a
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It's not clear whether or not speedy trial will be used again for a
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future attempt to activate a ((("consensus rules", "soft forks", "speedy trial activation", startref="consensus-soft-speed")))((("forks", "soft forks", "speedy trial activation", startref="fork-soft-speed")))((("soft forks", "speedy trial activation", startref="soft-fork-speed")))((("speedy trial activation", startref="speed-trial")))((("activation (soft forks)", "speedy trial", startref="activation-speed")))soft fork.
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future attempt to activate a soft fork.
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==== Consensus Software Development
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==== Consensus Software Development
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