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CH02::chain of txes: update illustration, add detail

- Previous illustration was cut-off, both in the source and the print
  edition.  We update the illustration to not only correct that but also
  provide more accuracy:

    - Instead of showing input values, the illustration now shows input
      references to prevouts.

    - Instead of using BTC denomination, it use satoshis

    - Instead of putting tx fees in the output category, it shows them
      outside the transaction since they're an implicit value

    - The source for the new illustration is provided as a comment to
      make future editing easier

- The text is updated to refer to the new illustration appropriately.

- Text now mentions the implicit input value

- We describe that we use satoshi values because that's what's in the
  protocol
This commit is contained in:
David A. Harding 2023-02-04 12:04:43 -10:00
parent 4725f0f51d
commit b05a5ee6f8
2 changed files with 53 additions and 17 deletions

View File

@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ _invoice_ (see <<invoice-QR>>).
Unlike a QR code that simply contains a destination Bitcoin address, this
invoice is a QR-encoded URI that contains a destination address,
a payment amount, and a description such as "Bob's Store - Order
512". This allows a bitcoin wallet application to prefill the
a payment amount, and a description.
This allows a bitcoin wallet application to prefill the
information used to send the payment while showing a human-readable
description to the user. You can scan the QR code with a bitcoin wallet
application to see what Alice would see.
@ -196,23 +196,59 @@ image::images/mbc2_0203.png["Transaction Double-Entry"]
((("chain of transactions")))Alice's payment to Bob's Store uses a
previous transaction's output as its input. In the previous chapter,
Alice received bitcoin from her friend Joe in return for cash. That
transaction created a bitcoin value locked by Alice's key. Her new
transaction to Bob's Store references the previous transaction as an
input and creates new outputs to pay for the podcast and receive change.
The transactions form a chain, where the inputs from the latest
transaction correspond to outputs from previous transactions. Alice's
key provides the signature that unlocks those previous transaction
outputs, thereby proving to the Bitcoin network that she owns the funds.
She attaches the payment for the podcast to Bob's address, thereby
"encumbering" that output with the requirement that Bob produces a
signature in order to spend that amount. This represents a transfer of
value between Alice and Bob. This chain of transactions, from Joe to
Alice to Bob, is illustrated in <<blockchain-mnemonic>>.
Alice received bitcoin from her friend Joe in return for cash.
We've labeled that as _Transaction 1_ (Tx1) in <<transaction-chain>>.
[[blockchain-mnemonic]]
Tx1 sent 0.001 bitcoins (100,000 satoshis) to an output locked by
Alice's key. Her new transaction to Bob's Store (Tx2) references the
previous output as an input. In the illustration, we show that
reference using an arrow and by labeling the input as "Tx1:0". In an
actual transaction, the reference is the 32-byte transaction identifier
(txid) for the transaction where Alice received the money from Joe. The
":0" indicates the position of the output where Alice received the
money; in this case, the first position (position 0).
As shown in the illustration, actual Bitcoin transactions don't
explicitly include the value of their input. To determine the value of
an input, software needs to use the input's reference to find the
previous transaction output being spent.
Alice's Tx2 contains two new outputs, one paying 75,000 satoshis for the
podcast and another paying 20,000 satoshis back to Alice to receive
change.
////
@startditaa
Transaction 1 Tx2 Tx3
Inputs Outputs In Out In Out
+-------+---------+ +-------+--------+ +-------+--------+
| | | | | cDDD | | | |
<--+ Tx00 | 100,000 |<--+ Tx10 | 20,000 | +-+ Tx21 | 67,000 |
| | | | | | | | | |
+-------+---------+ +-------+--------+ | +-------+--------+
| | cDDD | | | | | | | |
| | 500,000 | | | 75,000 |<-+ | | |
| | | | | | | | |
+-------+---------+ +-------+--------+ +-------+--------+
Fee (unknown) Fee 5,000 Fee 8,000
@enddittaa
////
[[transaction-chain]]
.A chain of transactions, where the output of one transaction is the input of the next transaction
image::images/mbc2_0204.png["Transaction chain"]
image::images/transaction-chain.png["Transaction chain"]
[TIP]
====
Serialized Bitcoin transactions---the data format that software uses for
sending transactions---encodes the value to transfer using an integer
of the smallest defined onchain unit of value. When Bitcoin was first
created, this unit didn't have a name and some developers simply called
it the _base unit._ Later many users began calling this unit a
_satoshi_ (sat) in honor of Bitcoin's creator. In <<transaction-chain>>
and some other illustrations in this book, we use satoshi values because
that's what the protocol itself uses.
====
==== Making Change

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