diff --git a/ch12.asciidoc b/ch12.asciidoc
index 23e2530d..e9a348ef 100644
--- a/ch12.asciidoc
+++ b/ch12.asciidoc
@@ -14,22 +14,6 @@ application. We will look at several important applications that use
 these primitives, such as client-side validation, payment channels, and
 routed payment channels (Lightning Network).
 
-=== Introduction
-
-((("blockchain applications", "benefits of Bitcoin system")))The Bitcoin
-system was designed as a decentralized currency and payment system.
-However, most of its functionality is derived from much lower-level
-constructs that can be used for much broader applications. Bitcoin
-wasn't built with components such as accounts, users, balances, and
-payments. Instead, it uses a transactional scripting language with
-low-level cryptographic functions, as we saw in <<c_transactions>>. Just
-as the higher-level concepts of accounts, balances, and payments can be
-derived from these basic primitives, so can many other complex
-applications. Thus, the Bitcoin blockchain can become an application
-platform offering trust services to applications, such as smart
-contracts, surpassing the original purpose of digital currency and
-payments.
-
 === Building Blocks (Primitives)
 
 ((("blockchain applications", "building blocks for
@@ -1266,3 +1250,5 @@ financial instruments, to encompass many other applications where trust
 is critical. By decentralizing the basis of trust, the Bitcoin
 blockchain is a platform that will spawn many revolutionary applications
 in a wide variety of industries.
+
+//FIXME:conclusino