diff --git a/appa_whitepaper.adoc b/appa_whitepaper.adoc
index f6a7d504..ee34a976 100644
--- a/appa_whitepaper.adoc
+++ b/appa_whitepaper.adoc
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ q~z~ = probability the attacker will ever catch up from z blocks behind
- _if_
+ if
p
≤
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ q~z~ = probability the attacker will ever catch up from z blocks behind
- _if_
+ if
p
>
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ To get the probability the attacker could still catch up now, we multiply the Po
- _if_
+ if
k
≤
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ To get the probability the attacker could still catch up now, we multiply the Po
- _if_
+ if
k
>