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LICENSE
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Copyright (c) 2014 Andreas M. Antonopoulos LLC
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
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This "Free Culture" compliant license was approved by my publisher O'Reilly Media (http://oreilly.com), who understand the value of open source. O'Reilly Media is not just the world's best publisher of technical books but also a strong supporter of an open culture and the sharing of knowledge.
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This "Free Culture" compliant license was approved by my publisher O'Reilly Media (https://oreilly.com), who understand the value of open source. O'Reilly Media is not just the world's best publisher of technical books but also a strong supporter of an open culture and the sharing of knowledge.
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Thank you O'Reilly!
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Thank you O'Reilly!
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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Code Examples: 
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Code Examples: 
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# Mastering Bitcoin
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@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ The book's source code, found in this repository, is kept synchronized with the
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The tags [Edition1Print1](https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/releases/tag/Edition1Print1), [Edition1Print2](https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/releases/tag/Edition1Print2) correspond to the two existing prints of Mastering Bitcoin (First Edition) as published by O'Reilly Media.
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" property="dct:title" rel="dct:type">Mastering Bitcoin - First Edition</span> by <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="http://antonopoulos.com/" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Andreas M. Antonopoulos LLC</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
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<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="https://purl.org/dc/terms/" href="https://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" property="dct:title" rel="dct:type">Mastering Bitcoin - First Edition</span> by <a xmlns:cc="https://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="https://antonopoulos.com/" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Andreas M. Antonopoulos LLC</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
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This "Free Culture" compliant license was approved by my publisher O'Reilly Media (http://oreilly.com), who understands the value of open source. O'Reilly Media is not just the world's best publisher of technical books, but is also a strong supporter of this open culture and the sharing of knowledge.
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This "Free Culture" compliant license was approved by my publisher O'Reilly Media (https://oreilly.com), who understands the value of open source. O'Reilly Media is not just the world's best publisher of technical books, but is also a strong supporter of this open culture and the sharing of knowledge.
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Thank you O'Reilly Media!
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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Thank you O'Reilly Media!
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The tags, [second_edition_print_1](https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/releases/tag/second_edition_print_1) and [second_edition_print2](https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/releases/tag/second_edition_print2), correspond to the first (June 8th 2017) and second (July 20th 2017) print of Mastering Bitcoin (Second Edition), as published by O'Reilly Media.
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">Mastering Bitcoin - Second Edition</span> by <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="https://antonopoulos.com/" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Andreas M. Antonopoulos LLC</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
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<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="https://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">Mastering Bitcoin - Second Edition</span> by <a xmlns:cc="https://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="https://antonopoulos.com/" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Andreas M. Antonopoulos LLC</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
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It is expected that the second edition will be released under a CC-BY-SA license within a year of publication.
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@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ channel network, which has now been implemented by at least five
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different open source teams. ((("Basics of Lightning Technology
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(BOLT)")))The independent implementations are coordinated by a set of
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interoperability standards described in the
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http://bit.ly/2rBHeoL[_Basics of Lightning Technology (BOLT)_ repository].
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https://bit.ly/2rBHeoL[_Basics of Lightning Technology (BOLT)_ repository].
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==== Basic Lightning Network Example
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@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ refund if the channel was closed or the routed payment failed.
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((("Lightning Network", "transport and pathfinding")))All communications
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between LN nodes are encrypted point-to-point. In addition, nodes have a
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long-term public key that they http://bit.ly/2r5TACm[use as an
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long-term public key that they https://bit.ly/2r5TACm[use as an
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identifier and to authenticate each other].
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Whenever a node wishes to send a payment to another node, it must first
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@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ censorship, or blacklists. But how does Alice establish this payment
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path, without revealing anything to the intermediary nodes?
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The Lightning Network implements an onion-routed protocol based on a
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scheme called http://bit.ly/2q6ZDrP[Sphinx]. This routing protocol
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scheme called https://bit.ly/2q6ZDrP[Sphinx]. This routing protocol
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ensures that a payment sender can construct and communicate a path
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through the Lightning Network such that:
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@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ OP_RETURN <data>
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often represents a hash, such as the output
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from the SHA256 algorithm (32 bytes). Some applications put a prefix in
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front of the data to help identify the application. For example, the
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http://proofofexistence.com[Proof of Existence] digital notarization
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https://proofofexistence.com[Proof of Existence] digital notarization
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service uses the 8-byte prefix +DOCPROOF+, which is ASCII encoded as +44
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4f 43 50 52 4f 4f 46+ in hexadecimal.
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@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ toolkits, organized by programming languages.
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https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin[Bitcoin Core] :: The reference implementation of bitcoin
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==== JavaScript
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http://bcoin.io/[bcoin]:: A modular and scalable full-node implementation with API
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https://bcoin.io/[bcoin]:: A modular and scalable full-node implementation with API
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https://bitcore.io/[Bitcore] :: Full node, API, and library by Bitpay
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https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib[BitcoinJS] :: A pure JavaScript Bitcoin library for node.js and browsers
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@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ point for the blockchain, a secure "root" from which to build a trusted
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blockchain.
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See the statically encoded genesis block inside the Bitcoin Core client,
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in http://bit.ly/1x6rcwP[_chainparams.cpp_].
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in https://bit.ly/1x6rcwP[_chainparams.cpp_].
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The following identifier hash belongs to the genesis block:
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@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ Here are some methods for acquiring bitcoin as a new user:
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* Find a friend who has bitcoin and buy some from him or her directly. Many Bitcoin users start this way. This method is the least complicated. One way to meet people with bitcoin is to attend a local Bitcoin meetup listed at https://bitcoin.meetup.com[Meetup.com].
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* Earn bitcoin by selling a product or service for bitcoin. If you are a programmer, sell your programming skills. If you're a hairdresser, cut hair for bitcoin.
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* ((("Coin ATM Radar")))((("ATMs, locating")))Use a bitcoin ATM in your city. A bitcoin ATM is a machine that accepts cash and sends bitcoin to your smartphone bitcoin wallet. Find a bitcoin ATM close to you using an online map from http://coinatmradar.com[Coin ATM Radar].
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* ((("Coin ATM Radar")))((("ATMs, locating")))Use a bitcoin ATM in your city. A bitcoin ATM is a machine that accepts cash and sends bitcoin to your smartphone bitcoin wallet. Find a bitcoin ATM close to you using an online map from https://coinatmradar.com[Coin ATM Radar].
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* ((("exchange rates", "listing services")))Use a bitcoin currency exchange linked to your bank account. Many countries now have currency exchanges that offer a market for buyers and sellers to swap bitcoin with local currency. Exchange-rate listing services, such as https://bitcoinaverage.com[BitcoinAverage], often show a list of bitcoin exchanges for each currency.
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[TIP]
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@ -457,9 +457,9 @@ Alice was introduced to Bitcoin by a friend so she has an easy way to acquire he
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There are hundreds of applications and websites that can provide the current market rate. Here are some of the most popular:
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http://bitcoinaverage.com/[Bitcoin Average]:: ((("BitcoinAverage")))A site that provides a simple view of the volume-weighted-average for each currency.
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http://coincap.io/[CoinCap]:: A service listing the market capitalization and exchange rates of hundreds of crypto-currencies, including bitcoin.
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http://bit.ly/cmebrr[Chicago Mercantile Exchange Bitcoin Reference Rate]:: A reference rate that can be used for institutional and contractual reference, provided as part of investment data feeds by the CME.
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https://bitcoinaverage.com/[Bitcoin Average]:: ((("BitcoinAverage")))A site that provides a simple view of the volume-weighted-average for each currency.
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https://coincap.io/[CoinCap]:: A service listing the market capitalization and exchange rates of hundreds of crypto-currencies, including bitcoin.
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https://bit.ly/cmebrr[Chicago Mercantile Exchange Bitcoin Reference Rate]:: A reference rate that can be used for institutional and contractual reference, provided as part of investment data feeds by the CME.
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In addition to these various sites and applications, some bitcoin
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wallets will automatically convert amounts between bitcoin and other
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Bitcoin protocol.
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[[bitcoin_01_send]]
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.Early send screen for Bitcoin via http://web.archive.org/web/20090722011820/https://bitcoin.org/[The Internet Archive]
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.Early send screen for Bitcoin via https://web.archive.org/web/20090722011820/https://bitcoin.org/[The Internet Archive]
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image::../images/bitcoin-01-send.png["Early Bitcoin send screen"]
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If Alice entered Bob's IP address in Bitcoin 0.1, her full node would
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@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ be used on a private network where there's some level of trust and
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accountability between parties.
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The original
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http://www.bitcoinrelaynetwork.org[Bitcoin Relay Network] was created by
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https://www.bitcoinrelaynetwork.org[Bitcoin Relay Network] was created by
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developer Matt Corallo in 2015 to enable fast synchronization of
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blocks between miners with very low latency. The network consisted of
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several Virtual Private Servers (VPSes) hosted on
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@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ miners and mining pools.
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((("Fast Internet Bitcoin Relay Engine (FIBRE)")))((("Compact Block
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optimization")))The original Bitcoin Relay Network was replaced in 2016
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with the introduction of the _Fast Internet Bitcoin Relay Engine_ or
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http://bitcoinfibre.org[_FIBRE_], also created by developer Matt
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https://bitcoinfibre.org[_FIBRE_], also created by developer Matt
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Corallo. FIBRE is software that allows operating a UDP-based relay network that relays blocks within a
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network of nodes. FIBRE implements FEC and the _compact block_ optimization to
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further reduce the amount of data transmitted and the network latency.
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@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ information, including:
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+BestHeight+:: The block height of this node's blockchain
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+fRelay+:: A field added by BIP37 for requesting not to receive unconfirmed transactions
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(See http://bit.ly/1qlsC7w[GitHub] for an example of the +version+ network message.)
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(See https://bit.ly/1qlsC7w[GitHub] for an example of the +version+ network message.)
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The +version+ message is always the first message sent by any peer to
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another peer. The local peer receiving a +version+ message will examine
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@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ remove a pattern from a bloom filter, a client has to clear and resend a
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new bloom filter if a pattern is no longer desired.
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The network protocol and bloom filter mechanism for lightweight clients is defined
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in http://bit.ly/1x6qCiO[BIP37 (Peer Services)].((("",
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in https://bit.ly/1x6qCiO[BIP37 (Peer Services)].((("",
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startref="BNebloom08")))((("", startref="bloom08")))
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Unfortunately, after the deployment of bloom filters, it became clear
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@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ DO NOT SEND MONEY TO ANY OF THE ADDRESSES IN THIS BOOK. Your money will be taken
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[role = "safarienabled"]
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[NOTE]
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====
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pass:[<a href="http://oreilly.com/safari" class="orm:hideurl"><em class="hyperlink">Safari</em></a>] (formerly Safari Books Online) is a membership-based training and reference platform for enterprise, government, educators, and individuals.
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pass:[<a href="https://oreilly.com/safari" class="orm:hideurl"><em class="hyperlink">Safari</em></a>] (formerly Safari Books Online) is a membership-based training and reference platform for enterprise, government, educators, and individuals.
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====
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Members have access to thousands of books, training videos, Learning Paths, interactive tutorials, and curated playlists from over 250 publishers, including O’Reilly Media, Harvard Business Review, Prentice Hall Professional, Addison-Wesley Professional, Microsoft Press, Sams, Que, Peachpit Press, Adobe, Focal Press, Cisco Press, John Wiley & Sons, Syngress, Morgan Kaufmann, IBM Redbooks, Packt, Adobe Press, FT Press, Apress, Manning, New Riders, McGraw-Hill, Jones & Bartlett, and Course Technology, among others.
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For more information, please visit pass:[<a href="http://oreilly.com/safari" class="orm:hideurl"><em>http://oreilly.com/safari</em></a>].
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=== How to Contact Us
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To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to pass:[<a class="email" href="mailto:bookquestions@oreilly.com"><em>bookquestions@oreilly.com</em></a>].
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[role="pagebreak-before"]
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=== Contacting the Authors
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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<p>Once a colony has matured, ants are divided into castes based on size, with each caste performing various functions. There are usually four castes: minims, the smallest workers that tend to the young and fungus gardens; minors, slightly larger than minima, are the first line of defense for the colony and patrol the surrounding terrain and attack enemies; mediae, the general foragers that cut leaves and bring back leaf fragments to the nest; and majors, the largest worker ants that act as soldiers, defending the nest from intruders. Recent research has shown that majors also clear main foraging trails and carry bulky items back to the nest.</p>
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<p>The cover image is from <em>Insects Abroad</em>. The cover fonts are URW Typewriter and Guardian Sans. The text font is Adobe Minion Pro; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is Dalton Maag's Ubuntu Mono.</p>
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</section>
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
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<p class="publisher">Published by <span class="publishername">O'Reilly Media, Inc.</span>, 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.</p>
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<ul class="stafflist">
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<li><span class="staffrole">Acquisitions Editor: </span>Michelle Smith</li>
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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
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</ul>
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</div>
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<p class="errata">See <a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781098150099">http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781098150099</a> for release details.</p>
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<p class="errata">See <a href="https://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781098150099">https://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781098150099</a> for release details.</p>
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<div class="legal">
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<p>The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. <em>Mastering Bitcoin</em>, the cover image, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.</p>
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