CH10: Inventory section

Update for headers-first sync rather than the old blocks-first sync.
develop
David A. Harding 1 year ago
parent 7d2ba06209
commit 28cfc751c1

@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ command +getpeerinfo+ as we saw earlier; for example, +/Satoshi:24.0.1/+.
((("Bitcoin network", "syncing the blockchain")))The first thing a full
node will do once it connects to peers is try to construct a complete
blockchain. If it is a brand-new node and has no blockchain at all, it
chain of block headers. If it is a brand-new node and has no blockchain at all, it
only knows one block, the genesis block, which is statically embedded in
the client software. Starting with block #0 (the genesis block), the new
node will have to download hundreds of thousands of blocks to
@ -479,47 +479,50 @@ because that contains +BestHeight+, a node's current blockchain height
(number of blocks). A node will see the +version+ messages from its
peers, know how many blocks they each have, and be able to compare to
how many blocks it has in its own blockchain. Peered nodes will exchange
a +getblocks+ message that contains the hash (fingerprint) of the top
a +getheaders+ message that contains the hash (fingerprint) of the top
block on their local blockchain. One of the peers will be able to
identify the received hash as belonging to a block that is not at the
top, but rather belongs to an older block, thus deducing that its own
local blockchain is longer than its peer's.
The peer that has the longer blockchain has more blocks than the other
node and can identify which blocks the other node needs in order to
"catch up." It will identify the first 500 blocks to share and transmit
their hashes using an +inv+ (inventory) message. The node missing these
blocks will then retrieve them, by issuing a series of +getdata+
messages requesting the full block data and identifying the requested
blocks using the hashes from the +inv+ message.
node and can identify which headers the other node needs in order to
"catch up." It will identify the first 2,000 headers to share using a
+headers+ message. The node will keep requesting additional headers
until it has received one for every block the remote peer claims to
have.
In parallel, the node will begin requesting the blocks for each header
it previously received using a +getdata+ message. The node will request
different blocks from each of its peers, which allows it to drop
connections to peers that are significantly slower than the average in
order to find newer (and possibly faster) peers.
Let's assume, for example, that a node only has the genesis block. It
will then receive an +inv+ message from its peers containing the hashes
of the next 500 blocks in the chain. It will start requesting blocks
from all of its connected peers, spreading the load and ensuring that it
doesn't overwhelm any peer with requests. The node keeps track of how
many blocks are "in transit" per peer connection, meaning blocks that it
has requested but not received, checking that it does not exceed a limit
(+MAX_BLOCKS_IN_TRANSIT_PER_PEER+). This way, if it needs a lot of
blocks, it will only request new ones as previous requests are
fulfilled, allowing the peers to control the pace of updates and not
overwhelm the network. As each block is received, it is added to the
will then receive an +headers+ message from its peers containing the headers
of the next 2,000 blocks in the chain. It will start requesting blocks
from all of its connected peers, keeping a queue of up to 1,024 blocks.
Blocks need to be validated in order, so if the oldest block in the
queue--the block the node next needs to validate--hasn't been received
yet, the node drops the connection to the peer that was supposed to
provide that block. It then finds a new peer that may be able to
provide one block before all of the node's other peers are able to
provide 1,023 blocks.
As each block is received, it is added to the
blockchain, as we will see in <<blockchain>>. As the local blockchain is
gradually built up, more blocks are requested and received, and the
process continues until the node catches up to the rest of the network.
This process of comparing the local blockchain with the peers and
retrieving any missing blocks happens any time a node goes offline for
any period of time. Whether a node has been offline for a few minutes
and is missing a few blocks, or a month and is missing a few thousand
blocks, it starts by sending +getblocks+, gets an +inv+ response, and
starts downloading the missing blocks. <<inventory_synchronization>>
shows the inventory and block propagation protocol.
[[inventory_synchronization]]
[role="smallerfifty"]
.Node synchronizing the blockchain by retrieving blocks from a peer
image::images/mbc2_0806.png["InventorySynchronization"]
an extended period of time.
//FIXME?
//[[inventory_synchronization]]
//[role="smallerfifty"]
//.Node synchronizing the blockchain by retrieving blocks from a peer
//image::images/mbc2_0806.png["InventorySynchronization"]
[[spv_nodes]]
=== Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) Nodes

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