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CH04::legacy addresses: remove code examples
We instead provide an example for bech32 addresses, which are now the preferred format.
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David A. Harding
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ch04.asciidoc
143
ch04.asciidoc
@ -1579,149 +1579,6 @@ because it has the added +01+ suffix to distinguish it from an
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"uncompressed" one.((("", startref="KAaddress04")))
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====
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=== Implementing Keys and Addresses in Cpass:[++]
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Let's look at the complete process of creating a Bitcoin address, from a
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private key, to a public key (a point on the elliptic curve), to a
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double-hashed address, and finally, the Base58Check encoding. The C++
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code in <<addr_example>> shows the complete step-by-step process, from
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private key to Base58Check-encoded Bitcoin address. The code example
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uses the libbitcoin library introduced in <<alt_libraries>> for some
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helper functions.
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[[addr_example]]
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.Creating a Base58Check-encoded Bitcoin address from a private key
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====
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[role="c_less_space"]
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[source, cpp]
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----
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include::code/addr.cpp[]
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----
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====
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The code uses a predefined private key to produce the same Bitcoin
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address every time it is run, as shown in <<addr_example_run>>.((("",
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startref="base5804")))((("", startref="Abase5804")))
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[[addr_example_run]]
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.Compiling and running the addr code
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====
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[source,bash]
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----
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# Compile the addr.cpp code
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$ g++ -o addr addr.cpp -std=c++11 $(pkg-config --cflags --libs libbitcoin)
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# Run the addr executable
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$ ./addr
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Public key: 0202a406624211f2abbdc68da3df929f938c3399dd79fac1b51b0e4ad1d26a47aa
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Address: 1PRTTaJesdNovgne6Ehcdu1fpEdX7913CK
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----
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====
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[TIP]
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====
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The code in <<addr_example_run>> produces a Bitcoin address (+1PRTT...+)
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from a _compressed_ public key (see <<comp_pub>>). If you used the
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uncompressed public key instead, it would produce a different Bitcoin
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address (+14K1y...+).
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====
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=== Implementing Keys and Addresses in Python
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((("keys and addresses", "implementing in Python",
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id="KApython04")))((("pybitcointools")))The most comprehensive bitcoin
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library in Python is
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https://github.com/vbuterin/pybitcointools[pybitcointools] by Vitalik
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Buterin. In <<key-to-address_script>>, we use the pybitcointools library
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(imported as "bitcoin") to generate and display keys and addresses in
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various formats.
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[[key-to-address_script]]
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.Key and address generation and formatting with the pybitcointools library
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====
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[source,python]
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----
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include::code/key-to-address-ecc-example.py[]
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----
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====
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<<key-to-address_script_run>> shows the output from running this code.
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[[key-to-address_script_run]]
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.Running key-to-address-ecc-example.py
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====
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++++
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<pre data-type="programlisting">
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$ python key-to-address-ecc-example.py
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Private Key (hex) is:
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3aba4162c7251c891207b747840551a71939b0de081f85c4e44cf7c13e41daa6
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Private Key (decimal) is:
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26563230048437957592232553826663696440606756685920117476832299673293013768870
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Private Key (WIF) is:
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5JG9hT3beGTJuUAmCQEmNaxAuMacCTfXuw1R3FCXig23RQHMr4K
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Private Key Compressed (hex) is:
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3aba4162c7251c891207b747840551a71939b0de081f85c4e44cf7c13e41daa601
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Private Key (WIF-Compressed) is:
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KyBsPXxTuVD82av65KZkrGrWi5qLMah5SdNq6uftawDbgKa2wv6S
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Public Key (x,y) coordinates is:
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(41637322786646325214887832269588396900663353932545912953362782457239403430124L,
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16388935128781238405526710466724741593761085120864331449066658622400339362166L)
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Public Key (hex) is:
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045c0de3b9c8ab18dd04e3511243ec2952002dbfadc864b9628910169d9b9b00ec↵
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243bcefdd4347074d44bd7356d6a53c495737dd96295e2a9374bf5f02ebfc176
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Compressed Public Key (hex) is:
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025c0de3b9c8ab18dd04e3511243ec2952002dbfadc864b9628910169d9b9b00ec
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Bitcoin Address (b58check) is:
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1thMirt546nngXqyPEz532S8fLwbozud8
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Compressed Bitcoin Address (b58check) is:
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14cxpo3MBCYYWCgF74SWTdcmxipnGUsPw3
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</pre>
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++++
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====
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<<ec_math>> is another example, using the Python ECDSA library for the
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elliptic curve math and without using any specialized bitcoin libraries.
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[[ec_math]]
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.A script demonstrating elliptic curve math used for bitcoin keys
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====
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[source, python]
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----
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include::code/ec-math.py[]
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----
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====
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<<ec_math_run>> shows the output produced by running this script.
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[NOTE]
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====
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<<ec_math>> ((("random numbers", "os.urandom",
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see="entropy")))((("entropy", "os.urandom", see="random
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numbers")))((("random numbers", "random number
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generation")))((("entropy", "random number generation")))uses
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+os.urandom+, which reflects a cryptographically secure random number
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generator (CSRNG) provided by the underlying operating system. Caution:
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Depending on the OS, +os.urandom+ may _not_ be implemented with
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sufficient security or seeded properly and may _not_ be appropriate for
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generating production-quality bitcoin keys.((("",
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startref="KApython04")))
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====
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[[ec_math_run]]
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.Installing the Python ECDSA library and running the ec_math.py script
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====
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----
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$ # Install Python PIP package manager
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$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
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$ # Install the Python ECDSA library
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$ sudo pip install ecdsa
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$ # Run the script
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$ python ec-math.py
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Secret: 38090835015954358862481132628887443905906204995912378278060168703580660294000
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EC point: (70048853531867179489857750497606966272382583471322935454624595540007269312627, 105262206478686743191060800263479589329920209527285803935736021686045542353380)
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BTC public key: 029ade3effb0a67d5c8609850d797366af428f4a0d5194cb221d807770a1522873
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----
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====
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=== Advanced Keys and Addresses
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((("keys and addresses", "advanced forms", id="KAadvanced04")))In the
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@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
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#include <bitcoin/bitcoin.hpp>
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int main()
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{
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// Private secret key string as base16
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bc::ec_secret decoded;
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bc::decode_base16(decoded,
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"038109007313a5807b2eccc082c8c3fbb988a973cacf1a7df9ce725c31b14776");
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bc::wallet::ec_private secret(
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decoded, bc::wallet::ec_private::mainnet_p2kh);
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// Get public key.
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bc::wallet::ec_public public_key(secret);
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std::cout << "Public key: " << public_key.encoded() << std::endl;
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// Create Bitcoin address.
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// Normally you can use:
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// bc::wallet::payment_address payaddr =
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// public_key.to_payment_address(
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// bc::wallet::ec_public::mainnet_p2kh);
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// const std::string address = payaddr.encoded();
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// Compute hash of public key for P2PKH address.
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bc::data_chunk public_key_data;
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public_key.to_data(public_key_data);
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const auto hash = bc::bitcoin_short_hash(public_key_data);
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bc::data_chunk unencoded_address;
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// Reserve 25 bytes
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// [ version:1 ]
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// [ hash:20 ]
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// [ checksum:4 ]
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unencoded_address.reserve(25);
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// Version byte, 0 is normal BTC address (P2PKH).
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unencoded_address.push_back(0);
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// Hash data
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bc::extend_data(unencoded_address, hash);
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// Checksum is computed by hashing data, and adding 4 bytes from hash.
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bc::append_checksum(unencoded_address);
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// Finally we must encode the result in Bitcoin's base58 encoding.
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assert(unencoded_address.size() == 25);
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const std::string address = bc::encode_base58(unencoded_address);
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std::cout << "Address: " << address << std::endl;
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return 0;
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}
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@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
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import ecdsa
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import os
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# secp256k1, http://www.oid-info.com/get/1.3.132.0.10
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_p = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFC2F
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_r = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141
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_b = 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007
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_a = 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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_Gx = 0x79BE667EF9DCBBAC55A06295CE870B07029BFCDB2DCE28D959F2815B16F81798
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_Gy = 0x483ada7726a3c4655da4fbfc0e1108a8fd17b448a68554199c47d08ffb10d4b8
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curve_secp256k1 = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.CurveFp(_p, _a, _b)
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generator_secp256k1 = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.Point(curve_secp256k1, _Gx, _Gy, _r)
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oid_secp256k1 = (1, 3, 132, 0, 10)
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SECP256k1 = ecdsa.curves.Curve("SECP256k1", curve_secp256k1,
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generator_secp256k1, oid_secp256k1)
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ec_order = _r
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curve = curve_secp256k1
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generator = generator_secp256k1
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def random_secret():
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convert_to_int = lambda array: int("".join(array).encode("hex"), 16)
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# Collect 256 bits of random data from the OS's cryptographically secure
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# random number generator
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byte_array = os.urandom(32)
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return convert_to_int(byte_array)
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def get_point_pubkey(point):
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if (point.y() % 2) == 1:
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key = '03' + '%064x' % point.x()
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else:
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key = '02' + '%064x' % point.x()
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return key.decode('hex')
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def get_point_pubkey_uncompressed(point):
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key = ('04' +
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'%064x' % point.x() +
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'%064x' % point.y())
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return key.decode('hex')
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# Generate a new private key.
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secret = random_secret()
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print("Secret: ", secret)
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# Get the public key point.
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point = secret * generator
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print("EC point:", point)
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print("BTC public key:", get_point_pubkey(point).encode("hex"))
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# Given the point (x, y) we can create the object using:
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point1 = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.Point(curve, point.x(), point.y(), ec_order)
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assert(point1 == point)
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@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
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from __future__ import print_function
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import bitcoin
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# Generate a random private key
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valid_private_key = False
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while not valid_private_key:
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private_key = bitcoin.random_key()
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decoded_private_key = bitcoin.decode_privkey(private_key, 'hex')
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valid_private_key = 0 < decoded_private_key < bitcoin.N
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print("Private Key (hex) is: ", private_key)
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print("Private Key (decimal) is: ", decoded_private_key)
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# Convert private key to WIF format
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wif_encoded_private_key = bitcoin.encode_privkey(decoded_private_key, 'wif')
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print("Private Key (WIF) is: ", wif_encoded_private_key)
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# Add suffix "01" to indicate a compressed private key
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compressed_private_key = private_key + '01'
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print("Private Key Compressed (hex) is: ", compressed_private_key)
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# Generate a WIF format from the compressed private key (WIF-compressed)
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wif_compressed_private_key = bitcoin.encode_privkey(
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bitcoin.decode_privkey(compressed_private_key, 'hex'), 'wif_compressed')
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print("Private Key (WIF-Compressed) is: ", wif_compressed_private_key)
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# Multiply the EC generator point G with the private key to get a public key point
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public_key = bitcoin.fast_multiply(bitcoin.G, decoded_private_key)
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print("Public Key (x,y) coordinates is:", public_key)
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# Encode as hex, prefix 04
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hex_encoded_public_key = bitcoin.encode_pubkey(public_key, 'hex')
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print("Public Key (hex) is:", hex_encoded_public_key)
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# Compress public key, adjust prefix depending on whether y is even or odd
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(public_key_x, public_key_y) = public_key
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compressed_prefix = '02' if (public_key_y % 2) == 0 else '03'
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hex_compressed_public_key = compressed_prefix + (bitcoin.encode(public_key_x, 16).zfill(64))
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print("Compressed Public Key (hex) is:", hex_compressed_public_key)
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# Generate Bitcoin address from public key
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print("Bitcoin Address (b58check) is:", bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(public_key))
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# Generate compressed Bitcoin address from compressed public key
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print("Compressed Bitcoin Address (b58check) is:",
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bitcoin.pubkey_to_address(hex_compressed_public_key))
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