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index experiment and indexed glossary
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Andreas M. Antonopoulos
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@ -15,58 +15,76 @@ More than all of these parts, bitcoin is a digital economy platform, just like t
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==== Quick Glossary
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bitcoin::
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bitcoin::
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((("bitcoin")))
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The name of the currency unit (the coin), the network and the software
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address (aka public key)::
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address (aka public key):::: ((("(aka public key):::: ((("(aka public key):::: ((("(aka public key)::
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((("address (aka public key):::: ((("(aka public key):::: ((("(aka public key):::: ((("(aka public key)")))")))")))
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A bitcoin address looks like +1DSrfJdB2AnWaFNgSbv3MZC2m74996JafV+, they always start with a one. You can have as many as you like, share them so people can send you coins.
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wallet::
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wallet::
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((("wallet")))
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Software that holds all your addresses. Use it to send bitcoin and manage your keys.
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secret key (aka private key)::
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secret key (aka private key):::: ((("(aka private key):::: ((("(aka private key):::: ((("(aka private key)::
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((("secret key (aka private key):::: ((("(aka private key):::: ((("(aka private key):::: ((("(aka private key)")))")))")))
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The secret number that unlocks bitcoins sent to the corresponding address
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transaction::
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((("transaction")))
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A transfer of bitcoins from one address to another.
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hash::
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((("hash")))
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A digital fingerprint of some binary input
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block::
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((("block")))
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A grouping of transactions, marked with a timestamp, and a fingerprint of the previous block. The block header is hashed to find a proof-of-work, thereby validating the transactions.
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network::
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((("network")))
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A peer-to-peer network that propagates transactions and blocks among all nodes
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blochchain::
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((("blochchain")))
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A list of validated blocks, each linking to its predecessor all the way to the genesis block.
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genesis block::
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((("genesis block")))
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The first block in the blockchain, used to initialize the crypto-currency
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proof-of-work::
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((("proof-of-work")))
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A piece of data that requires significant computation to find. In bitcoin, a hash that is less than a target.
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difficulty::
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((("difficulty")))
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A network-wide setting that controls how much computation is required to find a proof-of-work.
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target difficulty::
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((("target difficulty")))
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A difficulty at which all the computation in the network will find blocks approximately every 10 minutes.
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difficulty re-targetting::
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((("difficulty re-targetting")))
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A network-wide re-calculation of the difficulty which occurs once every 2106 blocks and considers the hashing power of the previous 2106 blocks.
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miner::
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((("miner")))
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A network node that finds valid proof-of-work for new blocks, by repeated hashing
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reward::
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((("reward")))
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An amount included in each new block as a reward by the network to the miner who found the proof-of-work solution. It is currently 25BTC per block.
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fees::
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((("fees")))
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An excess amount included in each transaction as a network fee or additional reward to the miner who finds the proof-of-work for the new block. Currently 0.5 mBTC minimum.
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confirmations::
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((("confirmations")))
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Once a transaction is included in a block, it has "one confirmation". As soon as _another_ block is mined on the same blockchain, the transaction has two confirmations etc. Six or more confirmations is considered final.
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@ -84,36 +84,17 @@ Once a private key has been generated, the public key equivalent can be derived
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Here's an example from the reference implementation, generating a public key from an existing private key
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[[genesis_block_cpp]]
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.The Genesis Block, statically encoded in the source code of the reference client https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/0.8.4/src/key.cpp#L31[bitcoin/src/key.cpp : 31]
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[[ecc_mult]]
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.Reference Client: Using OpenSSL's EC_POINT_mul to generate the public key from a private key https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/0.8.4/src/key.cpp#L31[bitcoin/src/key.cpp : 31]
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====
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[source, c++]
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----
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#include <map>
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#include <openssl/ecdsa.h>
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#include <openssl/obj_mac.h>
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#include "key.h"
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// Generate a private key from just the secret parameter
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int EC_KEY_regenerate_key(EC_KEY *eckey, BIGNUM *priv_key)
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{
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int ok = 0;
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BN_CTX *ctx = NULL;
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EC_POINT *pub_key = NULL;
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if (!eckey) return 0;
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const EC_GROUP *group = EC_KEY_get0_group(eckey);
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if ((ctx = BN_CTX_new()) == NULL)
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goto err;
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pub_key = EC_POINT_new(group);
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if (pub_key == NULL)
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goto err;
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[...initializtion code ommitted ...]
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if (!EC_POINT_mul(group, pub_key, priv_key, NULL, NULL, ctx)) <1>
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goto err;
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@ -121,17 +102,7 @@ int EC_KEY_regenerate_key(EC_KEY *eckey, BIGNUM *priv_key)
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EC_KEY_set_private_key(eckey,priv_key);
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EC_KEY_set_public_key(eckey,pub_key);
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ok = 1;
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err:
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if (pub_key)
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EC_POINT_free(pub_key);
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if (ctx != NULL)
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BN_CTX_free(ctx);
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return(ok);
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}
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[...]
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----
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<1> Multiplying the priv_key by the generator point of the elliptic curve group, produces the pub_key
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====
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@ -141,7 +112,6 @@ err:
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The size of bitcoin's private key, 2^256^ is a truly unfathomable number. It is equal to approximately 10^77^ in decimal. The visible universe contains approximately 10^80^ atoms.
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====
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=== Simple Transactions
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=== Wallets, addresses and coins
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=== The Blockchain
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