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Merge pull request #485 from drduh/wip-13apr25
collapse more uids details, prefer explicit expirations
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README.md
71
README.md
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ To suggest an improvement, send a pull request or open an [issue](https://github
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* [Expiration](#expiration)
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* [Passphrase](#passphrase)
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- [Create Certify key](#create-certify-key)
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- [Add additional uids (optional)](#add-additional-uids-optional)
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- [Create Subkeys](#create-subkeys)
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- [Verify keys](#verify-keys)
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- [Backup keys](#backup-keys)
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@ -368,18 +367,18 @@ When Subkeys expire, they may still be used to decrypt with GnuPG and authentica
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Subkeys must be renewed or rotated using the Certify key - see [Updating keys](#updating-keys).
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Set the expiration date to two years:
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Set the Subkeys expiration to a specific date:
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```console
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export EXPIRATION=2027-05-01
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```
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The expiration date may also be relative, for example set to two years:
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```console
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export EXPIRATION=2y
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```
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Or set the expiration date to a specific date to schedule maintenance:
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```console
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export EXPIRATION=2026-05-01
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```
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## Passphrase
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Generate a passphrase for the Certify key. This credential will be used to manage identity Subkeys.
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@ -431,11 +430,10 @@ export KEYFP=$(gpg -k --with-colons "$IDENTITY" | awk -F: '/^fpr:/ { print $10;
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printf "\nKey ID: %40s\nKey FP: %40s\n\n" "$KEYID" "$KEYFP"
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```
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# Add additional uids (optional)
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<details>
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<summary>Add additional IDs (optional)</summary>
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## Rationale
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This is an optional step if you have a use case which requires [additional identities](https://github.com/drduh/YubiKey-Guide/issues/445). Some non-exhaustive example use cases are:
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This is an optional step for use cases requiring [additional identities](https://github.com/drduh/YubiKey-Guide/issues/445), for example:
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- different email addresses for different languages
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- different email addresses for professional versus personal but please see alternative reason below for not tying these addresses together
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@ -446,16 +444,14 @@ An alternative would be to have distinct keys but you would then require multipl
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- if you have different email addresses for professional versus personal use cases, having distinct keys allow you to disassociate the identities
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- if you are also using the YubiKey as a U2F or FIDO2 device, having multiple YubiKeys is generally recommended as a backup measure
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## Steps
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Define an array containing additional uids. As this is bash syntax, each array element should be surrounded by quotes and each element should be separated by a space:
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Define an array containing additional user IDs. Each array element must be wrapped in quotes and each element must be space-delimited:
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```console
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declare -a additional_uids
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additional_uids=("Super Cool YubiKey 2025" "uid 1 <uid1@example.org>")
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```
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Add the additional uids to the key:
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Add the additional user IDs to the Certify key:
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```console
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for uid in "${additional_uids[@]}" ; do \
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@ -463,7 +459,7 @@ for uid in "${additional_uids[@]}" ; do \
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done
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```
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Adjust the trust of the additional uids to be ultimate:
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Adjust the trust of the additional IDs to *ultimate*:
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```console
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gpg --command-fd=0 --pinentry-mode=loopback --edit-key "$KEYID" <<EOF
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@ -474,10 +470,11 @@ y
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save
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EOF
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```
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</details>
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# Create Subkeys
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Use the following command to generate Signature, Encryption and Authentication Subkeys using the previously configured key type, passphrase and expiration:
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Generate Signature, Encryption and Authentication Subkeys using the previously configured key type, passphrase and expiration:
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```console
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for SUBKEY in sign encrypt auth ; do \
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@ -497,12 +494,12 @@ gpg -K
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The output will display **[C]ertify, [S]ignature, [E]ncryption and [A]uthentication** keys:
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```console
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sec rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 2024-01-01 [C]
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sec rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 2025-01-01 [C]
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Key fingerprint = 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5
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uid [ultimate] YubiKey User <yubikey@example>
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ssb rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2024-01-01 [S] [expires: 2026-05-01]
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ssb rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 2024-01-01 [E] [expires: 2026-05-01]
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ssb rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 2024-01-01 [A] [expires: 2026-05-01]
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ssb rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2025-01-01 [S] [expires: 2027-05-01]
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ssb rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 2025-01-01 [E] [expires: 2027-05-01]
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ssb rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 2025-01-01 [A] [expires: 2027-05-01]
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```
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# Backup keys
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@ -926,12 +923,12 @@ EOF
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Verify Subkeys have been moved to YubiKey with `gpg -K` and look for `ssb>`, for example:
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```console
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sec rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 2024-01-01 [C]
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sec rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 2025-01-01 [C]
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Key fingerprint = 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5
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uid [ultimate] YubiKey User <yubikey@example>
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ssb> rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2024-01-01 [S] [expires: 2026-05-01]
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ssb> rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 2024-01-01 [E] [expires: 2026-05-01]
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ssb> rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 2024-01-01 [A] [expires: 2026-05-01]
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ssb> rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2025-01-01 [S] [expires: 2027-05-01]
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ssb> rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 2025-01-01 [E] [expires: 2027-05-01]
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ssb> rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 2025-01-01 [A] [expires: 2027-05-01]
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```
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The `>` after a tag indicates the key is stored on a smart card.
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@ -1094,18 +1091,18 @@ PIN retry counter : 3 3 3
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Signature counter : 0
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KDF setting ......: on
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Signature key ....: CF5A 305B 808B 7A0F 230D A064 B3CD 10E5 02E1 9637
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created ....: 2024-01-01 12:00:00
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created ....: 2025-01-01 12:00:00
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Encryption key....: A5FA A005 5BED 4DC9 889D 38BC 30CB E8C4 B085 B9F7
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created ....: 2024-01-01 12:00:00
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created ....: 2025-01-01 12:00:00
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Authentication key: 570E 1355 6D01 4C04 8B6D E2A3 AD9E 24E1 B8CB 9600
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created ....: 2024-01-01 12:00:00
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General key info..: sub rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2024-01-01 YubiKey User <yubikey@example>
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sec# rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 created: 2024-01-01 expires: never
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ssb> rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 created: 2024-01-01 expires: 2026-05-01
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created ....: 2025-01-01 12:00:00
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General key info..: sub rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 2025-01-01 YubiKey User <yubikey@example>
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sec# rsa4096/0xF0F2CFEB04341FB5 created: 2025-01-01 expires: never
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ssb> rsa4096/0xB3CD10E502E19637 created: 2025-01-01 expires: 2027-05-01
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card-no: 0006 05553211
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ssb> rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 created: 2024-01-01 expires: 2026-05-01
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ssb> rsa4096/0x30CBE8C4B085B9F7 created: 2025-01-01 expires: 2027-05-01
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card-no: 0006 05553211
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ssb> rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 created: 2024-01-01 expires: 2026-05-01
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ssb> rsa4096/0xAD9E24E1B8CB9600 created: 2025-01-01 expires: 2027-05-01
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card-no: 0006 05553211
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```
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@ -1186,7 +1183,7 @@ gpg --verify signed.txt
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The output will be similar to:
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```console
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gpg: Signature made Mon 01 Jan 2024 12:00:00 PM UTC
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gpg: Signature made Mon 01 Jan 2025 12:00:00 PM UTC
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gpg: using RSA key CF5A305B808B7A0F230DA064B3CD10E502E19637
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gpg: Good signature from "YubiKey User <yubikey@example>" [ultimate]
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Primary key fingerprint: 4E2C 1FA3 372C BA96 A06A C34A F0F2 CFEB 0434 1FB5
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@ -1932,9 +1929,7 @@ export CERTIFY_PASS=ABCD-0123-IJKL-4567-QRST-UVWX
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Determine the updated expiration, for example:
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```console
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export EXPIRATION=2026-09-01
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export EXPIRATION=2y
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export EXPIRATION=2027-09-01
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```
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Renew the Subkeys:
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