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Bump debian version and fix some grammar.

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ If you have a comment or suggestion, please open an [Issue](https://github.com/d
- [Purchase YubiKey](#purchase-yubikey)
- [Verify YubiKey](#verify-yubikey)
- [Live image](#live-image)
- [Download OS image](#download-os-image)
- [Required software](#required-software)
* [Entropy](#entropy)
- [Creating keys](#creating-keys)
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ If you have a comment or suggestion, please open an [Issue](https://github.com/d
All YubiKeys except the blue "security key" model are compatible with this guide. NEO models are limited to 2048-bit RSA keys. Compare YubiKeys [here](https://www.yubico.com/products/yubikey-hardware/compare-products-series/).
You will also need several small storage devices for booting a live image, creating backups of private and public keys.
You will also need several small storage devices for booting a temporary operating system and creating backups of private/public keys.
# Verify YubiKey
@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ To verify a YubiKey is genuine, open a [browser with U2F support](https://suppor
This website verifies the YubiKey's device attestation certificates signed by a set of Yubico CAs, and helps mitigate [supply chain attacks](https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2025/DEF%20CON%2025%20presentations/DEF%20CON%2025%20-%20r00killah-and-securelyfitz-Secure-Tokin-and-Doobiekeys.pdf).
# Live image
# Download OS Image
It is recommended to generate cryptographic keys and configure YubiKey from a secure operating system and ephemeral environment, such as [Debian Live](https://www.debian.org/CD/live/), [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/index.en.html), or [OpenBSD](https://www.openbsd.org/).
It is recommended to generate cryptographic keys and configure YubiKey from a secure operating system and using an ephemeral environment ("live image"), such as [Debian](https://www.debian.org/CD/live/), [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/index.en.html), or [OpenBSD](https://www.openbsd.org/) booted from a USB drive.
To use Debian, download the latest live image:
To use Debian, download the latest image:
```console
$ curl -LfO https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/debian-live-9.9.0-amd64-xfce.iso
$ curl -LfO https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/debian-live-10.0.0-amd64-xfce.iso
$ curl -LfO https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/SHA512SUMS
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Verify file integrity with GPG:
```console
$ gpg --verify SHA512SUMS.sign SHA512SUMS
gpg: Signature made Sat Apr 27 11:46:08 2019 PDT
gpg: Signature made Sat Jul 6 18:51:32 2019 PDT
gpg: using RSA key DF9B9C49EAA9298432589D76DA87E80D6294BE9B
gpg: Can't check signature: No public key
@ -97,23 +97,25 @@ gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
$ gpg --verify SHA512SUMS.sign SHA512SUMS
gpg: Signature made Sat Apr 27 11:46:08 2019 PDT
gpg: Signature made Sat Jul 6 18:51:32 2019 PDT
gpg: using RSA key DF9B9C49EAA9298432589D76DA87E80D6294BE9B
gpg: Good signature from "Debian CD signing key <debian-cd@lists.debian.org>" [unknown]
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: DF9B 9C49 EAA9 2984 3258 9D76 DA87 E80D 6294 BE9B
$ grep $(sha512sum debian-live-9.9.0-amd64-xfce.iso) SHA512SUMS
SHA512SUMS:ae064cc399126214e4aa165fdbf9659047dd2af2d3b0ca57dd5f2686d1d3730019cfe3c56ac48db2af56eb856dbca75e642fadf56bc04c538b44d3d3a2982283 debian-live-9.9.0-amd64-xfce.iso
$ grep $(sha512sum debian-live-10.0.0-amd64-xfce.iso) SHA512SUMS
SHA512SUMS:c230dc15705bbae07782185af7f933ed7821ec94fa4b9d08a61856b27cdf7d3a4e9f5b6ddb419b96714464ca76c2686083fc4534dc116cc9980b52c233331e03 debian-live-10.0.0-amd64-xfce.iso
```
If the key cannot be received, try changing the DNS resolver and/or specific keyserver:
If the key cannot be received, try changing the DNS resolver and/or use a specific keyserver:
```console
$ gpg --keyserver hkps://keyserver.ubuntu.com:443 --recv DF9B9C49EAA9298432589D76DA87E80D6294BE9B
```
See [Verifying authenticity of Debian CDs](https://www.debian.org/CD/verify) for more information.
Mount a storage device and copy the image to it:
**Linux**
@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DP
sdb: sdb1 sdb2
sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
$ sudo dd if=debian-live-9.9.0-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=4M
$ sudo dd if=debian-live-10.0.0-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=4M
465+1 records in
465+1 records out
1951432704 bytes (2.0 GB, 1.8 GiB) copied, 42.8543 s, 45.5 MB/s
@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ $ dmesg | tail -n2
sd2 at scsibus4 targ 1 lun 0: <TS-RDF5, SD Transcend, TS3A> SCSI4 0/direct removable serial.0000000000000
sd2: 15193MB, 512 bytes/sector, 31116288 sectors
$ doas dd if=debian-live-9.9.0-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/rsd2c bs=4m
$ doas dd if=debian-live-10.0.0-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/rsd2c bs=4m
465+1 records in
465+1 records out
1951432704 bytes transferred in 139.125 secs (14026448 bytes/sec)
@ -152,11 +154,11 @@ $ doas dd if=debian-live-9.9.0-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/rsd2c bs=4m
Shut down the computer and disconnect internal hard drives and all unnecessary peripheral devices.
Consider using secure hardware like a ThinkPad X230 running [Coreboot](https://www.coreboot.org/) and cleaned of [Intel ME](https://github.com/corna/me_cleaner).
Consider using secure hardware like a ThinkPad X230 running [Coreboot](https://www.coreboot.org/) and [cleaned of Intel ME](https://github.com/corna/me_cleaner).
# Required software
Boot the live image and configure networking.
Boot the OS image and configure networking.
**Note** If the screen locks, unlock with `user`/`live`.
@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ Open the terminal and install several required packages:
**Debian/Ubuntu**
```console
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y \
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y \
gnupg2 gnupg-agent dirmngr \
cryptsetup scdaemon pcscd \
secure-delete hopenpgp-tools \
@ -244,14 +246,14 @@ $ sudo atd
$ sudo service rng-tools restart
```
Test by emptying `/dev/random` - the light on the device should dim briefly:
Test by emptying `/dev/random` - the light on the device will dim briefly:
```console
$ cat /dev/random >/dev/null
[Press Control-C]
```
Verify the available entropy pool is re-seeded:
After a few seconds, verify the available entropy pool is quickly re-seeded:
```console
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail
@ -1222,7 +1224,7 @@ $ sudo srm -r $GNUPGHOME || sudo rm -rf $GNUPGHOME
$ gpg --delete-secret-key $KEYID
```
**Important** Make sure you have securely erased all generated keys and revocation certificates if a Live image was not used!
**Important** Make sure you have securely erased all generated keys and revocation certificates if an ephemeral enviroment was not used!
# Using keys
@ -1855,10 +1857,9 @@ $ ykman openpgp set-touch enc on
YubiKey will blink when it is waiting for a touch.
# Email
GPG keys on YubiKey can be used with ease to encrypt or sign email messages and attachments using [Thunderbird](https://www.thunderbird.net/) and [Enigmail](https://www.enigmail.net). Thunderbird supports OAuth 2 authentication and can be used with Gmail. See [this guide](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-use-pgp-linux) from EFF for detailed instructions.
GPG keys on YubiKey can be used with ease to encrypt and/or sign emails and attachments using [Thunderbird](https://www.thunderbird.net/) and [Enigmail](https://www.enigmail.net). Thunderbird supports OAuth 2 authentication and can be used with Gmail. See [this guide](https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/how-use-pgp-linux) from EFF for detailed instructions.
# Reset