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421 lines
14 KiB
421 lines
14 KiB
Anaconda Boot Options
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=====================
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:Author: Anaconda Developers <anaconda-devel-list@redhat.com>
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//Actual authors:
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// Will Woods <wwoods@redhat.com>
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// Anne Mulhern <amulhern@redhat.com>
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// written in asciidoc: http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
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// here's a few macros to improve readability in the text below..
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:dracutdoc: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/dracut/dracut.html
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:dracutkernel: {dracutdoc}#dracutcmdline7[`dracut.kernel(7)`]
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:dracutnet: {dracutdoc}#_network[the "Network" section of `dracut.kernel(7)`]
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:dracutdebug: {dracutdoc}#_troubleshooting[dracut "Troubleshooting" guide]
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:anacondawiki: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda[Anaconda wiki]
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These are the boot options that are useful when starting Anaconda. For more
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information refer to the appropriate Installation Guide for your release and
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to the {anacondawiki}.
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Anaconda bootup is handled by dracut, so most of the kernel arguments handled
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by dracut are also valid. See {dracutkernel} for details on those options.
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Throughout this guide, installer-specific options are prefixed with
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`inst` (e.g. `inst.ks`). Options specified without the `inst` prefix are
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recognized, but the prefix may be required in a future release.
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[[repo]]
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Installation Source
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-------------------
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.Installable Trees
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[NOTE]
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==============================================================================
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An _installable tree_ is a directory structure containing installer
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images, packages, and repodata.
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footnote:[an installable tree must contain a valid `.treeinfo` file for
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`inst.repo` or `inst.stage2` to work.]
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Usually this is either a copy of the DVD media (or loopback-mounted DVD
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image), or the `<arch>/os/` directory on the Fedora mirrors.
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==============================================================================
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[[inst.repo]]
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=== inst.repo ===
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This gives the location of the _Install Source_ - that is, the place where the
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installer can find its images and packages. It can be specified in a few
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different ways:
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`inst.repo=cdrom`::
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Search the system's CDROM drives for installer media. This is the default.
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`inst.repo=cdrom:<device>`::
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Look for installer media in the specified disk device.
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`inst.repo=hd:<device>:<path>`::
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Mount the given disk partition and install from the given path.
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`inst.repo=[http,https,ftp]://<host>/<path>`::
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Look for an installable tree at the given URL.
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`inst.repo=nfs:[<options>:]<server>:/<path>`::
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Mount the given NFS server and path. Uses NFS version *3* by default.
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+
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You can specify what version of the NFS protocol to use by adding +nfsvers=X+
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to the `options`.
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[[diskdev]]
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.Disk Device Names
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[NOTE]
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======================================================================
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Disk devices may be specified with any of the following forms:
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Kernel Device Name::
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`/dev/sda1`, `sdb2`
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Filesystem Label::
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`LABEL=FLASH`, `LABEL=Fedora`, `CDLABEL=Fedora\x2017\x20x86_64`
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Filesystem UUID::
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`UUID=8176c7bf-04ff-403a-a832-9557f94e61db`
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Non-alphanumeric characters should be escaped with +\xNN+, where
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'NN' is the hexidecimal representation of the character (e.g. +\x20+ for
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the space character (' ').
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======================================================================
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=== inst.stage2 ===
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This specifies the location to fetch only the installer runtime image;
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packages will be ignored. Otherwise the same as <<inst.repo,`inst.repo`>>.
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=== inst.dd ===
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This specifies the location for driver rpms. May be specified multiple times.
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Locations may be specified using any of the formats allowed for
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<<inst.repo,`inst.repo`>>.
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=== inst.multilib ===
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This sets yum's multilib_policy to "all" (as opposed to "best").
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[[kickstart]]
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Kickstart
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---------
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=== inst.ks ===
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Give the location of a kickstart file to be used to automate the install.
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Locations may be specified using any of the formats allowed for
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<<inst.repo,`inst.repo`>>.
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For any format the `<path>` component defaults to `/ks.cfg` if it is omitted.
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For NFS kickstarts, if the `<path>` ends in `/`, `<ip>-kickstart` is added.
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If `inst.ks` is used without a value, the installer will look for
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`nfs:<next_server>:/<filename>`:
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* `<next_server>` is the DHCP "next-server" option, or the IP of the DHCP server itself,
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* `<filename>` is the DHCP "filename" option, or `/kickstart/`, and
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* if the filename given ends in `/`, `<ip>-kickstart` is added (as above)
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* example:
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** DHCP server: `192.168.122.1`
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** client address: `192.168.122.100`
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*** kickstart file: `nfs:192.168.122.1:/kickstart/192.168.122.100-kickstart`
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==== inst.ks.sendmac ====
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Add headers to outgoing HTTP requests which include the MAC addresses of all
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network interfaces. The header is of the form:
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* `X-RHN-Provisioning-MAC-0: eth0 01:23:45:67:89:ab`
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This is helpful when using `inst.ks=http...` to provision systems.
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==== inst.ks.sendsn ====
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Add a header to outgoing HTTP requests which includes the system's serial
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number. footnote:[as read from `/sys/class/dmi/id/product_serial`]
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The header is of the form:
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* `X-System-Serial-Number: <serial>`
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[[network]]
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Network Options
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---------------
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Initial network setup is handled by dracut. For detailed information consult
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{dracutnet}.
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The most common dracut network options are covered here, along with some
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installer-specific options.
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=== ip ===
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Configure one (or more) network interfaces. You can use multiple `ip`
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arguments to configure multiple interfaces, but if you do you must specify an
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interface for every `ip=` argument, and you must specify which interface
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is the primary boot interface with `bootdev`.
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Accepts a few different forms; the most common are:
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`ip=<dhcp|dhcp6|auto6|ibft>`::
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Try to bring up every interface using the given autoconf method. Defaults
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to `ip=dhcp` if network is required by `inst.repo`, `inst.ks`, `inst.updates`,
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etc.
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`ip=<interface>:<autoconf>`::
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Bring up only one interface using the given autoconf method, e.g.
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`ip=eth0:dhcp`.
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`ip=<ip>::<gateway>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<interface>:none`::
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Bring up the given interface with a static network config, where:
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[horizontal]
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`<ip>`::: The client IP address. IPv6 addresses may be specified by putting
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them in square brackets, like so: `[2001:DB8::1]`.
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`<gateway>`::: The default gateway. IPv6 addresses are accepted here too.
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`<netmask>`::: The netmask (e.g. `255.255.255.0`) or prefix (e.g. `64`).
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`<hostname>`::: Hostname for the client machine. This component is optional.
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`ip=<ip>::<gateway>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<interface>:<autoconf>:<mtu>`::
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Bring up the given interface with the given autoconf method, but override the
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automatically obtained IP/gateway/etc. with the provided values.
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+
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Technically all of the items are optional, so if you want to use dhcp but also
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set a hostname you can use `ip=::::<hostname>::dhcp`.
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=== nameserver ===
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Specify the address of a nameserver to use. May be used multiple times.
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=== bootdev ===
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Specify which interface is the boot device. Required if multiple ip=
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options are used.
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=== ifname ===
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`ifname=<interface>:<MAC>`::
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Assign the given interface name to the network device with the given MAC. May
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be used multiple times.
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=== inst.dhcpclass ===
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Set the DHCP vendor class identifier.
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footnote:[ISC `dhcpd` will see this value as "option
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vendor-class-identifier".] Defaults to `anaconda-$(uname -srm)`.
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Console / Display Options
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-------------------------
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[[console]]
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=== console ===
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This is a kernel option that specifies what device to use as the primary
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console. For example, if your console should be on the first serial port, use
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`console=ttyS0`.
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You can use multiple `console=` options; boot message will be displayed on
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all consoles, but anaconda will put its display on the last console listed.
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Implies <<inst.text,`inst.text`>>.
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=== inst.lang ===
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Set the language to be used during installation. The language specified must
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be valid for the `lang` kickstart command.
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=== inst.geoloc ===
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Configure geolocation usage in Anaconda. Geolocation is used to pre-set
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language and time zone.
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`inst.geoloc=0`:: Disables geolocation.
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`inst.geoloc=provider_fedora_geoip`:: Use the Fedora GeoIP API (default).
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`inst.geoloc=provider_hostip`:: Use the Hostip.info GeoIP API.
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=== inst.keymap ===
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Set the keyboard layout to use. The layout specified must be valid for use with
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the `keyboard` kickstart command.
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=== inst.cmdline ===
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Run the installer in command-line mode. This mode does not
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allow any interaction; all options must be specified in a kickstart file or
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on the command line.
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=== inst.graphical ===
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Run the installer in graphical mode. This is the default.
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[[inst.text]]
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=== inst.text ===
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Run the installer using a limited text-based UI. Unless you're using a
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kickstart file this probably isn't a good idea; you should use VNC instead.
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=== inst.resolution ===
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Specify screen size for the installer. Use format nxm, where n is the
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number of horizontal pixels, m the number of vertical pixels. The lowest
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supported resolution is 800x600.
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[[inst.vnc]]
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=== inst.vnc ===
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Run the installer GUI in a VNC session. You will need a VNC client application
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to interact with the installer. VNC sharing is enabled, so multiple clients
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may connect.
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A system installed with VNC will start in text mode (runlevel 3).
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==== inst.vncpassword ====
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Set a password on the VNC server used by the installer.
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==== inst.vncconnect ====
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`inst.vncconnect=<host>[:<port>]`::
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Once the install starts, connect to a listening VNC client at the given host.
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Default port is 5900.
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+
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Use with `vncviewer -listen`.
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=== inst.headless ===
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Specify that the machine being installed onto doesn't have any display
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hardware, and that anaconda shouldn't bother looking for it.
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=== inst.xdriver ===
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Specify the X driver that should be used during installation and on the
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installed system.
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=== inst.usefbx ===
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Use the framebuffer X driver (`fbdev`) rather than a hardware-specific driver.
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Equivalent to `inst.xdriver=fbdev`.
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=== inst.sshd ===
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Start up `sshd` during system installation. You can then ssh in while the
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installation progresses to debug or monitor its progress.
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*NOTE*: The `root` account has no password by default. You can set one using
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the `sshpw` kickstart command.
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Debugging and Troubleshooting
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-----------------------------
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=== inst.rescue ===
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Run the rescue environment. This is useful for trying to diagnose and fix
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broken systems.
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[[inst.updates]]
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=== inst.updates ===
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Give the location of an `updates.img` to be applied to the installer runtime.
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Locations may be specified using any of the formats allowed for `inst.repo`.
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For any format the `<path>` component defaults to `/updates.img` if it is
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omitted.
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=== inst.loglevel ===
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`inst.loglevel=<debug|info|warning|error|critical>`::
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Set the minimum level required for messages to be logged on a terminal (log
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files always contain messages of all levels). The default value is `info`.
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=== inst.syslog ===
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`inst.syslog=<host>[:<port>]`::
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Once installation is running, send log messages to the syslog process on
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the given host. The default port is 514 (UDP).
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Requires the remote syslog process to accept incoming connections.
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=== inst.virtiolog ===
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Forward logs through the named virtio port (a character device at
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`/dev/virtio-ports/<name>`).
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If not provided, a port named `org.fedoraproject.anaconda.log.0`
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will be used by default, if found.
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See https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Logging for more info on setting
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up logging via virtio.
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=== inst.zram ===
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Forces/disables (on/off) usage of zRAM swap for the installation process.
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Deprecated Options
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------------------
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These options should still be accepted by the installer, but they are
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deprecated and may be removed soon.
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=== method ===
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This is an alias for <<inst.repo,`inst.repo`>>.
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=== repo=nfsiso:... ===
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The difference between an installable tree and a dir with an `.iso` file is
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autodetected, so this is the same as `inst.repo=nfs:`...
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=== dns ===
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Use <<network,`nameserver`>> instead. Note that `nameserver` does not
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accept comma-separated lists; use multiple `nameserver` options instead.
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=== netmask, gateway, hostname ===
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These can be provided as part of the <<network,`ip`>> option.
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=== ip=bootif ===
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A PXE-supplied BOOTIF option will be used automatically, so there's no need
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for this.
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=== ksdevice ===
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[horizontal]
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_Not present_:: The first device with a usable link is used
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`ksdevice=link`:: Ignored (this is the same as the default behavior)
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`ksdevice=bootif`:: Ignored (this is the default if `BOOTIF=` is present)
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`ksdevice=ibft`:: Replaced with <<network, `ip=ibft`>>
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`ksdevice=<MAC>`:: Replaced with <<network, `BOOTIF=${MAC/:/-}`>>
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`ksdevice=<DEV>`:: Replaced with <<network,`bootdev=$MAC`>>
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=== blacklist, nofirewire ===
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`modprobe` handles blacklisting kernel modules on its own; try
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`modprobe.blacklist=<mod1>,<mod2>...`
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You can blacklist the firewire module with `modprobe.blacklist=firewire_ohci`.
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Removed Options
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---------------
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These options are obsolete and have been removed.
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=== askmethod, asknetwork ===
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Anaconda's initramfs is now is completely non-interactive, so these have been
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removed.
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Instead, use <<repo,`inst.repo`>> or specify appropriate <<network,`network`>>
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options.
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=== serial ===
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This option was never intended for public use; it was supposed to be used to
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force anaconda to use `/dev/ttyS0` as its console when testing it on a live
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machine.
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Use `console=ttyS0` or similar instead. See <<console,`console`>> for details.
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=== updates ===
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Use <<inst.updates,`inst.updates`>> instead.
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=== essid, wepkey, wpakey ===
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Dracut doesn't support wireless networking, so these don't do anything.
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=== ethtool ===
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Who needs to force half-duplex 10-base-T anymore?
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=== gdb ===
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This was used to debug `loader`, so it has been removed. There are plenty of
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options for debugging dracut-based initramfs - see the {dracutdebug}.
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=== inst.mediacheck ===
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Use the dracut option rd.live.check instead.
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=== ks=floppy ===
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We no longer support floppy drives. Try `inst.ks=hd:<device>` instead.
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=== display ===
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For remote display of the UI, use <<inst.vnc,`inst.vnc`>>.
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=== utf8 ===
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All this option actually did was set `TERM=vt100`. The default `TERM` setting
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works fine these days, so this was no longer necessary.
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=== noipv6 ===
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ipv6 is built into the kernel and can't be removed by anaconda.
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You can disable ipv6 with `ipv6.disable=1`. This setting will be carried onto
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the installed system.
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=== upgradeany ===
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Anaconda doesn't handle upgrades anymore.
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// vim: set tw=78 syntax=asciidoc:
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